[2][3] However, the topographical inappropriateness of a place-name referencing hill-spurs being applied to a low-lying region has been noted and Richard Coates has instead argued that the hoi- element in early forms represents a Brittonic *haiw- ("a swamp").[4] Parts of Holland was one of the three medieval divisions, called 'Parts', of Lincolnshire (the other two being Lindsey and Kesteven) which had long had separate county administrations (quarter sessions).Holland is all close to sea level, achieving a maximum altitude of about five metres (16 feet) on artificially raised river banks (levees).It therefore needed carefully managed drainage to maintain the very productive arable farmland which covered almost its entire extent.Before the mid-19th century, it was a much more pastoral area, used for fattening livestock brought in from Scotland and northern England before it was driven to market in places like London.
"The Map of South Holland" from
The History of Imbanking and Drayning
by
William Dugdale
(1662)