Ouallam
It is the main town of the rocky Sahel highlands called the Zarmaganda plateau, and is one of the traditional homes of the Djerma people and one of the places in which they coalesced as an ethnicity in the 15th and 16th centuries.The area had been along an important trade route to the Aïr Mountains, used by the Songhay Empire, and was later controlled by a series of Tuareg confederations.Ouallam, on a main road to Niamey, is situated in an agricultural region which, although drier than areas further south and west, is a center for livestock (cattle—both sedentary and semi-nomadic, goats), as well as grain agriculture (millet and sorghum).A market center, the town is also home to an agricultural research center of the INRAN (Institut National de Recherches Agronomiques du Niger—the National Institute of Agricultural Research, Niger.)[2][3] In late 2008, the nearby village of Siwili was the scene of intercommunal violence, purportedly over accusations of theft of domestic animals.