Organisation armée secrète
The OAS carried out several terrorist attacks, including tortures, bombings and assassinations, all resulting in over 2,000 deaths in an attempt to prevent Algeria's independence from French colonial rule.The OAS was formed from existing networks, calling themselves "counter-terrorists", "self-defence groups", or "resistance", which had carried out attacks on the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) and their perceived supporters since early in the war.In Algeria its makeup was more politically diverse, and included a group of Algerian Jews, led by Jean Guenassia, who began armed resistance after a series of FLN attacks on the Jewish quarter in Oran.The first victim was Pierre Popie, attorney and president of the People's Republican Movement (Mouvement Républicain Populaire, MRP), who stated on TV, "French Algeria is dead" (L’Algérie française est morte).As a result, the OAS eventually found itself in violent clandestine conflict with not only the FLN but also French secret services and with a Gaullist paramilitary, the Mouvement pour la Communauté (the MPC).[11] On 26 March, the leaders of the OAS proclaimed a general strike in Algiers and called for the European settlers to come to Bab el-Oued in order to break the blockade by military forces loyal to de Gaulle and the Republic.A detachment of tirailleurs (Muslim troops in the French Army) fired on the demonstrators, killing 54, injuring 140, and traumatising the settlers' population in what is known as the "gunfight of the Rue d'Isly".They tried to overrun two French military outposts and gain support for local Muslim tribes loyal to France, but instead they were harassed and eventually defeated by Legion units led by Colonel Albert Brothier after several days of fighting.The violence lasted several hours, including lynching and acts of torture in public places in all areas of Oran by civilians supported by the ALN—the armed wing of the FLN, at the time evolving into the Algerian Army—resulting in 3,000 missing people:[18] By 1963, the main OAS operatives were either dead, in exile, or in prison.[20][21] Grasset arrived in 1962 in Buenos Aires to take charge of the Argentine branch of the Cité Catholique, an integral Catholic group formed by Jean Ousset, the personal secretary of Charles Maurras, as an offshoot of the monarchist Action Française.Soon after Gardes met Federico Lucas Roussillon, an Argentine naval lieutenant commander, the cadets at the ESMA were shown the film The Battle of Algiers (1966) by Italian director Gillo Pontecorvo, during which the fictional Lieutenant-Colonel Mathieu and his paratroops make systematic use of torture, block warden system, and death flights.In a CNN interview, Buetterlin mentioned the attempted assassination of Charles de Gaulle as a historic example and related it to cases of the recent past where sanctioned parties are conducting cyber attacks on banks to acquire funds illegally.The OAS featured prominently in Jack Higgins' 1964 novel Wrath of the Lion, in which the organization fictionally manages to suborn the crew of a French Navy submarine and use it for missions of revenge.The OAS is referenced in the Oliver Stone film JFK, as suspected conspirator Clay Shaw (played by Tommy Lee Jones) is alleged to have business connections with them.[28] The cell had planned attacks against kebab shops, places of worship (especially mosques), drug dealers and politicians: Jean-Luc Mélenchon and Christophe Castaner were specific targets.
Secret Army OrganizationRaoul SalanPierre LagaillardeEdmond JouhaudYves GodardJean-Jacques SusiniFranceFrench AlgeriaPortugalIdeologyFrench colonialismFrench nationalismAnti-ArabismAnti-communismNeo-fascismAnti-GaullismPolitical positionFar-rightAlgiers putsch of 1961Battle of Bab El OuedAttempted assassination of Charles de GaulleparamilitaryterroristAlgerian WarAlgeria's independenceFrench colonial ruleNational Liberation FrontFrancoist Spain8 January 1961 referendum on self-determinationPresident de GaulleÉvian Accordspieds-noirsJean Bastien-Thiry1962 assassination attempt against president de GaulleLe Petit-ClamartexistentialistJean-Paul SartreOran massacrereferendum on self-determination for AlgeriaAlgiers putschFrench ArmyYves Guérin-SéracFrench Foreign LegionFirst Indochina Warmetropolitan FranceFrench ResistanceGladiostay-behindsabotageassassinationPeople's Republican MovementRoger GavouryAlgiersRoger DegueldreCommando DeltaClaude PiegtsAlbert DovecarGuido GiannettiniFrancoCanary IslandsNational Education MinistryMouloud FeraounCharles de GaulleClamartFrederick ForsythThe Day of the Jackal1973 film of the same nameEvian agreementsBab el-Ouedcar bombingsgeneral strikeRepublictirailleursmaquisLegionAlgerian Armyfiring squadanti-communistchaplainCité CatholiqueJean OussetCharles MaurrasAction FrançaiseCharles LacheroyColonel Trinquiertorturecounter-insurgencyIndochina WarsubversionOccidentHigher School of Mechanics of the NavyDirty WarinternmentcadetsThe Battle of AlgiersGillo Pontecorvodeath flightsLuis María MendíaFrench intelligence agentLéonie DuquetAlice DomonCommandos DeltaPierre GuillaumeEl-BiarRobert MartelchouanMitidjaMonocleAntoine ArgoudLouis XIV of FrancePaul GardyJean-Pierre CheridRoger HoleindreJean-Pierre Maïone-LibaudeAlbert SpaggiariDominique VennerJacques SoustelleGeorges WatinIan FlemingOn Her Majesty's Secret ServiceJames BondErnst Stavro BlofeldThe Bakery Girl of MonceauJack HigginsWrath of the LionAlain Cavalier