Oral administration
However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream.Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally.The expression is used in medicine to describe a treatment that is taken orally (but not used in the mouth such as, for example, caries prophylaxis).[citation needed] Enteral administration includes:[citation needed] Enteral medications come in various forms, including[3] oral solid dosage (OSD) forms:[4] and oral liquid dosage forms:[5] Concomitant ingestion of water facilitates in swallowing tablets and capsules.[6] If the substance has disagreeable taste, addition of a flavor may facilitate ingestion.
route of administrationdigestive systemin the mouthcariesmedical prescriptionsBuccalSublabialSublingual administrationflavoringestionNothing by mouthList of abbreviations used in medical prescriptionsList of Latin phrasesMedical prescriptionThin-film drug deliveryRoutes of administrationdosage formsDigestive tractenteralSolidsTabletCapsulePastilleTime release technologyOsmotic delivery systemLiquidsDecoctionElixirElectuaryEmulsionEffervescent powder or tabletHerbal teaHydrogelMolecular encapsulationPowderSoftgelSolutionSuspensionTinctureOral mucosasublingualOrally disintegrating tabletSublingual dropsLozengesEffervescentChewing gumMouthwashToothpasteOintmentRespiratory tractinhalationDry-powder inhalerSmokingAnesthetic vaporizerHeated humidified high-flow therapyMedical inhalantsMetered-dose inhalerNebulizerVaporizerOxygen maskNasal cannulaOxygen concentratorAnaesthetic machineRelative analgesia machineOphthalmicNasal sprayEar dropsEye dropsInsufflationMucoadhesive microdiscUrogenitalPessaryVaginal ringDoucheIntrauterine deviceExtra-amniotic infusionIntravesical infusionRectalSuppositoryMurphy dripNutrient enemaDermaltopicalTopical creamTopical gelLinimentIontophoresisLiposomesTransfersome vesiclesLotionLip balmMedicated shampooDermal patchTransdermal patchTransdermal sprayJet injectorParenteralsInjectionsinfusionstransdermalIntradermalSubcutaneousInjector penTransdermal implantIntracavernousIntravitrealIntra-articularCentral nervous systemIntrathecalEpiduralCirculatorymusculoskeletalIntravenousIntracardiacIntramuscularIntraosseousIntraperitonealNanocell injectionPatient-controlled analgesiaPIC line