Ngāti Toa
Ngāti Toa lived in the Kāwhia region of the North Island until the 1820s, when forced out by conflict with other Tainui iwi, led by Pōtatau Te Wherowhero (c. 1785 – 1860), who later became the first Māori King (r. 1858–1860).Together they fought and conquered the people of Wellington, Ngāti Ira, who practically ceased to exist as an independent iwi.[2] After the 1820s, the region conquered by Ngāti Toa extended from Miria-te-kakara at Rangitikei to Wellington, and across Cook Strait to Wairau and Nelson.The wars intensified with every killing of a major chief and with each insult and slight suffered, peaking with the huge battle of Hingakaka in the late 18th or early 19th century, in which Ngāti Toa and their allies were routed.The conflicts forced Ngāti Toa to migrate away from their Kāwhia homeland, first to Taranaki, then to the Cook Strait region, under the leadership of their chief Te Rauparaha in the 1820s.The carved meeting-house bearing the name Te Heke Mai Raro, which stands on Hongoeka Marae, immortalises the migration.[5] Heke Tahutahuahi (translatable as the "fire lighting expedition")[6] brought Ngāti Toa out of Kāwhia and into Taranaki in 1820.His attempt to conquer the southern South Island iwi was thwarted by an outbreak of measles which killed many of his warriors.These lands had been claimed by the New Zealand Company "on two grounds – alleged purchase by Captain Blenkinsop, master of a Sydney whaler in 1831-2; and the negotiations between their principal agent (Colonel Wakefield) and Rauparaha, the head of this tribe, in 1839".Following fighting in the Hutt Valley in 1846, Governor George Grey arrested Te Rauparaha after British troops discovered he was receiving and sending secret instructions to the local Māori who were attacking settlers.Te Rauparaha was released to attend a Māori peace conference at Kohimaramara in Auckland and then given his liberty after giving up any claim to the Wairau valley.
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