National Reconciliation (Sudan)
This discontent culminated in the 1985 revolution, where mass protests and a general strike led to a bloodless military coup, ousting Nimeiri from power.[1] Sadiq al-Mahdi joined the opposition and orchestrated a coup attempt in 1976, storming Khartoum with dissident forces led by Muhammad Nour Saad on 2 July.Despite taking control initially, the rebel forces faced supply shortages and eventually succumbed to loyalist troops, ending the coup after a week.In early 1977, government officials met with the National Front in London, and arranged for a conference between Nimeiri and Sadiq al Mahdi in Port Sudan.The agreement also restored civil liberties, freed political prisoners, reaffirmed Sudan's nonaligned foreign policy, and promised to reform local government.[7][9] Hassan al-Turabi, the leader of the Muslim Brotherhood party an dean of law at the University of Khartoum who had been imprisoned and then exiled after the May Revolution,[9] was also released and became Justice Minister and Attorney General in 1979.[9][4] However, relations between Khartoum and the South Sudan leadership worsened after the National Reconciliation due to the shift to Sharia law,[10] and adopting Arabic as the country official language.Tensions were further exacerbated by a history of mistrust and the fallout from a failed coup attempt in Khartoum in July 1976, in which Libyan elements played a role.In December 1980, Libyan forces occupied Chad's capital, N'Djamena, leading to concerns about the possibility of a Chado-Libyan union, which raised alarm bells in Khartoum and Cairo.Although a full-scale Libyan invasion was unlikely, Sudan remained cautious due to past Libyan-backed coup attempts and took measures like detentions and military deployments to protect its stability.Chadian President Goukouni Oueddei appeared to request their withdrawal, which Gaddafi complied with, and they were replaced by an OAU peacekeeping force partially funded by France.
Sadiq al-MahdiNimeiriNational Reconciliation1976 coup attemptArabicSeptember Lawscivil war1985 revolutionmilitary coup1976 Sudanese coup attemptGaafar NimeiriFaisal of Saudi ArabiacommunistsVice PresidencyKhartoumcoup attempt in 1976Muhammad Nour SaadSadiq al MahdiPort SudanSudanese Socialist UnionHassan al-TurabiMuslim BrotherhoodUniversity of KhartoumMay RevolutionJustice MinisterNational Unionist PartyAddis AbabaTripoliSouth SudanSharia law1983 September lawshudud punishmentsIslamic economyFebruary 1978 People's Assembly electionsUmma PartyState Security OrganisationMuammar GaddafiAozou StripN'DjamenaDarfur regionGoukouni Oueddeipublic domainHistoryTimelinePre-independence governorsIslamizationTurkish occupationMahdiyyaAnglo-Egyptian occupationIndependent SudanFirst Civil War1958 coup1969 coupNimeiry EraCommunist coupSecond Civil War1985 coupFirst Transitional Military CouncilCoalitions/Bashir Era1989 coupWar in DarfurUnited Nations MissionNomadic conflictsConflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile2019 coupSecond Transitional Military CouncilTransitional Sovereignty Council2019–2021 transition to democracyPeace processOctober 2021 coup2023 Civil warGeographyGeologyRiversVolcanoesWildlifeMammalsHorsesButterfliesNon-marine molluscsReptilesClimate changeFloodsStatesGeziraAl QadarifBlue NileCentral DarfurEast DarfurKassalaNorth DarfurNorth KordofanNorthernRed SeaRiver NileSennarSouth DarfurSouth KordofanWest DarfurWest KordofanWhite NileDistrictsCitiesPoliticsCabinetConstitutionCorruptionElectionsForeign relationsHuman rightsLGBT rightsIslamismAnsar–Khatmiyya rivalryCriminal ActMilitaryNative administrationParliamentPrime MinisterPresidentVice PresidentState GovernorsEconomyAgricultureBankingCentral BankCompanies