Name of Lithuania
[5][3] The traditional Lithuanian root -liet- is encountered in various German terms of the era, such as Lettowen, and in Latin as Lethovia, Lettovia, Lettavia, etc.[10][9] According to the notary's transcript, the oval Seal of Gediminas had a twelve corners edging, at the middle of the edging was an image of a man with long hair, who sat on a throne and held a crown (or a wreath) in his right hand and a sceptre in his left hand, moreover, a cross was engraved around the man along with a Latin inscription: S DEI GRACIA GEDEMINNI LETHWINOR ET RUTKENOR REG (English: Gediminas', by the grace of God, the King of the Lithuanians and the Rus' people, seal).[13] In a Lithuanian language panegyric to Sigismund III Vasa in 1589, the genitive case of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is Lietuwos.[14] The Grand Duchy of Lithuania is referred to as dides Kunigiſtes Lietuwos in Lithuanian within a religious Christian book from 1653.[18][3] A small river not far from Kernavė, the core area of the early Lithuanian state and a possible first capital of the would-be Grand Duchy of Lithuania, is usually credited as the source of the name.[4] While the word's etymology continues to be debated, scientists agree that the primary origins of the ethnonym were the Lithuanian forms *Lētuvā/Lietuva, which were then used by different languages, including Slavic.
LithuaniaLithuanianQuedlinburg ChronicleSaint BrunoBaltic languageDuchy of LithuaniaethnonymdiphthongSlavic languagesshiftedextra-shortEast SlavicborrowedLithuaniansGermanPolishLettowenhydronymicsuffixruler of LithuaniaAlgirdasLivonian ChroniclesRus' chroniclestheir landsLithuanian languageetymologyGediminasGediminas sent 7 letterscastle in VilniusnotaryBremenLübeckwreathsceptreRus' peopleJogailaUnion of LublinGrand Duchy of LithuaniaCrown of the Kingdom of PolandpanegyricSigismund III Vasagenitive caseTadeusz KościuszkomanifestoKościuszko UprisingVilniuscommemorative coinCeltictoponymsItalianBalticethnonymshydronymsKernavėearly Lithuanian stateLietavaleičiaiLatvian languageLettowJohn LettouLituanusZinkevičius, ZigmasUniversal Lithuanian EncyclopediaScience and Encyclopaedia Publishing InstituteMinistry of National Defence of LithuaniaBaranauskas, TomasZigmas ZinkevičiusM. K. Čiurlionis National Art MuseumRowell, Stephen ChristopherBučys, AlgimantasSavukynas, VirginijusLrt.ltInstitute of the Lithuanian LanguageERASMUS programmeDelfi.ltDubonis, Artūras15min.ltPatackas, Algirdaslrytas.ltVilnius UniversityAlbaniaAndorraArmeniaAustriaAzerbaijanBelarusBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGeorgiaGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandKazakhstanLatviaLiechtensteinLuxembourgMoldovaMonacoMontenegroNetherlandsNorth MacedoniaNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSan MarinoSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomAbkhazia