Movement disorder

[1] Movement disorders present with extrapyramidal symptoms and are caused by basal ganglia disease.[2] Movement disorders are conventionally divided into two major categories- hyperkinetic and hypokinetic.[4] Step I : Decide the dominant type of movement disorder[7] Step II : Make differential diagnosis of the particular disorder[citation needed] Step II: Confirm the diagnosis by lab tests[citation needed] Vesalius and Piccolomini in 16th century distinguished subcortical nuclei from cortex and white matter.However Willis' conceptualized the corpus striatum as the seat of motor power in the late 17th century.In mid-19th-century movement disorders were localized to striatum by Choreaby Broadbent and Jackson, and athetosis by Hammond.
Movement Disorders (journal)SpecialtyNeurologyPsychiatrysyndromespaucityspasticityextrapyramidal symptomsbasal ganglia diseasehyperkinetichypokineticdyskinesiamotor activityakinesiahypokinesiabradykinesianeurological disorderPoliomyelitisAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALSParkinson's diseaseParkinsonismParkinson plus syndromesPantothenate kinase-associated neurodegenerationProgressive Supranuclear OphthalmoplegiaStriatonigral degenerationMultiple sclerosislumbar plexopathiesMuscular dystrophyCerebral palsyRheumatoid arthritisGLUT1 deficiency syndromeAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorderTic disordersTourette's syndromeStereotypic movement disorderHuntington's diseaseDystoniaDrug induced dystoniaSpasmodic torticollisIdiopathic orofacial dystoniaBlepharospasmEssential tremorMyoclonusChorearestless leg syndromeStiff-person syndromeHemiballismusMyokymiaNeuromyotoniaOpsoclonusRheumatic choreaFasciculationAthetosisTardive dyskinesiaMicrobiologyImmunologyGeneticsImagingNeurophysiologicalPharmacologicalnucleiwhite mattercorpus striatumEmotional and behavioral disordersEmotional/behavioralConduct disorderOppositional defiant disorderEmotional/behavioral disorderSeparation anxietySelective mutismTourette syndromeSpeech disordersStutteringClutteringEnuresisEncopresisnervous systemInflammationEncephalitisViral encephalitisHerpesviral encephalitisLimbic encephalitisEncephalitis lethargicaCavernous sinus thrombosisBrain abscessAmoebicspinal cordEncephalomyelitisAcute disseminatedMeningitisMeningoencephalitisencephalopathyDegenerativeExtrapyramidalmovement disordersPostencephaliticTauopathyStatus dystonicusMeige'sChoreoathetosisMyoclonic epilepsyAkathisiaTremorIntention tremorRestless legsStiff-personDementiaAlzheimer'sEarly-onsetPrimary progressive aphasiaFrontotemporal dementiaFrontotemporal lobar degenerationPick'sLewy bodies dementiaPosterior cortical atrophyCreutzfeldt–Jakob diseaseVascular dementiaMitochondrial diseaseLeigh syndromeDemyelinatingAutoimmuneInflammatoryparoxysmalSeizuresepilepsyGeneralisedStatus epilepticusHeadacheMigraineClusterTensionCerebrovascularStrokeSleep disordersIntracranial hypertensionHydrocephalusNormal pressure hydrocephalusChoroid plexus papillomaIdiopathic intracranial hypertensionCerebral edemaIntracranial hypotensionBrain herniationReye syndromeHepatic encephalopathyToxic encephalopathyHashimoto's encephalopathyStatic encephalopathyFriedreich's ataxiaAtaxia–telangiectasiaPrimary lateral sclerosisPseudobulbar palsyHereditary spastic paraplegiaDistal hereditary motor neuronopathiesSpinal muscular atrophiesCongenital DSMASMALED1SMALED2ASMALED2BSMA-PCHSMA-PMEProgressive muscular atrophyProgressive bulbar palsyFazio–LondeInfantile progressive bulbar palsyAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisSigns and symptomsGait abnormalityScissor gaitCerebellar ataxiaChoreic gaitFestinating gait/Parkinsonian gaitMagnetic gaitMarche à petit pasPropulsive gaitStomping gaitSpastic gaitTruncal ataxiaVestibular gaitMyopathic gait/Waddling gaitTrendelenburg gaitPigeon gaitFoot dropSteppage gaitToe walkingGunslinger's gaitHemiparetic gaitAntalgic gaitLotus gaitCoordinationAtaxiaDysmetriaDysdiadochokinesiaPronator driftDyssynergiaSensory ataxiaAsterixisAbasiaHemimotor neglectAbnormal movementFibrillationHyperkinesiaMyotonia / PseudomyotoniaHypotoniaStereotypyEchopraxiaEcholaliaAbnormal posturingCamptocormiaOsteoporosisOpisthotonusTrismusTetanyHypertoniaJoint lockingCatalepsyWaxy flexibilityParalysisFlaccid paralysisPeriodic paralysisSpastic paraplegiaSpastic diplegiaMonoplegiaDiplegiaParaplegiaHemiplegiaTriplegiaTetraplegiaQuadruplegiaUpper motor neuron lesionLower motor neuron lesionSleep paralysisWeaknessHemiparesisGowers' signLocomotive syndromePtosisRange of motionContractureBethlem signClub footJoint stiffnessAnkylosisHypermobilityGorlin signBoutonniere deformitySwan neck deformityScoliosisKyphosisRachitic rosaryFlat feetKnock-kneeBow-leggednessBack 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