Mormyridae

Firstly, their cerebellum is greatly enlarged, enabling them to interpret complex bio-electrical signals,[2] and to the large size of the valve.[5] Some species possess modifications of their mouthparts to facilitate electrolocating and feeding on small invertebrates buried in muddy substrates.The mouth is not protrusible, and the head (including the eyes), the dorsum, and belly are covered by a thin layer of skin that is perforated with small pores leading to electroreceptors.The convergent evolution between the South American gymnotiforms and the African Mormyridae is remarkable, with the electric organ being produced by the substitution of the same amino acid in the same voltage-gated sodium channel despite the two groups of fish being on different continents and the evolution of the electric sense organ being separated in time by around 60 million years.[13] Convergent changes to other key transcription factors and regulatory pathways in both Gymnotiforms and Mormyridae also contributed to the evolution of the electric sense organ.
Mormyromast, a type of electroreceptor found only in mormyrid fishes
Bronze figurine of Oxyrhynchus fish, Late Period-Ptolemaic Egypt
Gnathonemus petersiiScientific classificationEukaryotaAnimaliaChordataActinopterygiiOsteoglossiformesweakly electric fishAfricaaquariumintelligencecallorhinchid elephantfishcerebellumlabyrinthinner earsotolithlagenaorgansutriculuslapillusswim bladderembryosstructurepharynxinvertebratesGymnarchusflagellumElectroreception and electrogenesiselectric organselectric fieldsampullae of Lorenziniknollenorgansconductivitieselectric dischargemusclegymnotiformconvergent evolutionamino acidMormyrinaePetrocephalinaePetrocephalusMyomyrusMormyropsBrienomyrusIsichthysMormyrusPollimyrusStomatorhinusParamormyropsCryptomyrusBoulengeromyrusIvindomyrusHyperopisusBrevimyrusHippopotamyrusCampylomormyrusGnathonemusGenyomyrusMarcuseniusEschmeyer's Catalog of FishesBleekerCyphomyrusBoulengerHeteromormyrusSteindachnerJ. P. MüllerLinnaeusOxymormyrusThys van den AudenaerdeMarcusenOxyrhynchusMedjedHathorFroese, RainerFishBaseBibcodeEschmeyer, William N.Catalog of FishesCalifornia Academy of SciencesElectric fishJamming avoidance responseElectric organKnollenorganGymnarchidaeGymnotiformesElectrophorusRajiformesMalapteruridaeTorpediniformesUranoscopidaeHistory of bioelectricityLateral lineMagnetoreceptionOsteoglossomorphaNeopterygiiTeleosteiCoriopsHarenaichthysJinanichthysParalycopteraXixiaichthysLycopteridaeLycopteraHiodontiformesHiodonJoffrichthysShuleichthysThaumaturusWakinoichthysPantodontidaePantodonOsteoglossidaeChanopsisBrychaetusCretophareodusMonopterosPhareodusArapaiminaeArapaimaHeterotisOsteoglossinaeOpsithrissopsOsteoglossumScleropagesNotopteroideiOstariostomaNotopteridaeChitalaNotopterusPapyrocranusXenomystusWikidataWikispeciesiNaturalistOpen Tree of LifePaleobiology Database