Modification of Final Judgment
In United States telecommunication law, the Modification of Final Judgment (MFJ) is the August 1982 consent decree concerning the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) and its subsidiaries, in the antitrust lawsuit United States v. AT&T of 1974.The terms required the breakup of the Bell System, including removing local telephone service from AT&T control and placing business restrictions on the divested local telephone companies in exchange for removing other longstanding restrictions on what businesses AT&T could own and manage.[1]: 125 The decree replaced the entirety of the previous final judgment of January 24, 1956 in the case United States v. Western Electric Inc.,[2][3] which had been transferred to the United States District Court for the District of Columbia and is referred to in the MFJ as the Western Electric case,[4]: 143 (also footnote 4) and consolidated with the existing United States v. AT&T filed on November 20, 1974, which is referred to in the MFJ as the AT&T action[4]: 139 or AT&T case.The decree was made with Harold H. Greene as presiding judge.[4] This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C.
telecommunicationconsent decreeAmerican Telephone and Telegraph CompanyantitrustUnited States v. AT&Tbreakup of the Bell SystemUnited States District Court for the District of ColumbiaHarold H. GreeneUniversity of California, Berkeley, School of Lawpublic domain materialGeneral Services AdministrationUnited States antitrust lawHistoryInterstate Commerce CommissionBureau of CorporationsPujo CommitteeFederal Trade CommissionU.S. Justice Department Antitrust DivisionU.S. Senate Judiciary Antitrust SubcommitteeU.S. House Judiciary Antitrust SubcommitteeInterstate Commerce Act of 1887Sherman Antitrust ActElkins ActExpediting ActPublicity In Taking Evidence ActClayton Antitrust Act of 1914Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914Webb–Pomerene ActWillis Graham ActCapper–Volstead ActRobinson–Patman ActWheeler–Lea ActMcCarran–Ferguson ActCeller–Kefauver ActSports Broadcasting Act of 1961Newspaper Preservation Act of 1970Tunney ActHart–Scott–Rodino Antitrust Improvements ActNational Cooperative Research and Production ActExecutive Order 14036United States v. E. C. Knight Co.United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight AssociationAddyston Pipe & Steel Co. v. United StatesNorthern Securities Co. v. United StatesSwift & Co. v. United StatesLoewe v. LawlorDr. Miles Medical Co. v. John D. Park & Sons Co.Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United StatesUnited States v. American Tobacco Co.United States v. Terminal Railroad AssociationChicago Board of Trade v. United StatesUnited States v. Colgate & Co.Federal Baseball Club v. National LeagueUnited States v. General Electric Co.Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United StatesEthyl Gasoline Corp. v. United StatesUnited States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co.Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTCUnited States v. Masonite Corp.United States v. Univis Lens Co.Parker v. BrownUnited States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'nAssociated Press v. United StatesHartford-Empire Co. v. United StatesBigelow v. RKO Radio Pictures, Inc.International Salt Co. v. United StatesUnited States v. Line Material Co.United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.United States v. United States Gypsum Co.Besser Manufacturing Co. v. United StatesLorain Journal Co. v. United StatesUnited States v. New Wrinkle, Inc.Times-Picayune Publishing Co. v. United StatesToolson v. New York Yankees, Inc.United States v. International Boxing Club of New York, Inc.Radovich v. National Football LeagueKlor's, Inc. v. Broadway-Hale Stores, Inc.United States v. Parke, Davis & Co.United States v. Loew's Inc.United States v. WiseSilver v. New York Stock ExchangeUnited States v. Singer Mfg. Co.Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp.Albrecht v. Herald Co.Haywood v. National Basketball AssociationZenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc.Flood v. KuhnOtter Tail Power Co. v. United StatesUnited States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.Goldfarb v. Virginia State BarContinental Television, Inc. v. GTE Sylvania, Inc.Illinois Brick Co. v. IllinoisBroadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS Inc.California Retail Liquor Dealers Ass'n v. Midcal Aluminum, Inc.American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Inc. v. Hydrolevel Corp.Arizona v. Maricopa County Medical SocietyRice v. Norman Williams Co.Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp.Jefferson Parish Hospital District No. 2 v. HydeNCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of OklahomaAspen Skiing Co. v. Aspen Highlands Skiing Corp.Mitsubishi Motors Corp. v. Soler Chrysler-Plymouth, Inc.Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp.Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Technical Services, Inc.Hartford Fire Insurance Co. v. CaliforniaSpectrum Sports, Inc. v. McQuillanState Oil Co. v. KhanVerizon Communications Inc. v. Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko, LLPIllinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.Texaco Inc. v. DagherBell Atlantic Corp. v. TwomblyLeegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.Weyerhaeuser Co. v. Ross-Simmons Hardwood Lumber Co.Pacific Bell Telephone Co. v. linkLine Communications, Inc. American Needle, Inc. v. National Football LeagueNorth Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners v. FTCOhio v. American Express Co.National Collegiate Athletic Association v. AlstonInterstate Commerce ActUnited States v. ICCClayton Antitrust ActDuplex Printing Press Co. v. DeeringMercoid casesUnited States v. National City Lines Inc.Standard Oil Co. v. United States