MissingNo.

's appearance in Pokémon Red and Blue was one of the most famous video game glitches and commented on its role in increasing the series' popularity.[5] The glitch was not removed from the 2016[6] re-releases of Pokémon Red and Blue on the Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console, so players can still encounter MissingNo.Finally, the player uses a Pokémon with the "Surf" move to travel up and down on the eastern shore of the island until a MissingNo.Due to the player character's name not being intended to be read as this kind of data, the game can attempt to generate an encounter with a Pokémon with an invalid identifier, such as MissingNo.[10] After an encounter with MissingNo., the quantity of the sixth item in the player's inventory is increased by 128,[12][13] and the game's Hall of Fame Pokémon gallery becomes glitched.[11] Temporary graphical glitches may also occur,[11] which can be removed by viewing the statistics page for another non-glitched Pokémon or resetting the console.a "programming quirk", Nintendo warned against encountering it, saying players could possibly have to restart the game from the beginning to remove the graphical glitches.[23] In a 2019 comment provided to Ars Technica, Wilma Bainbridge, then a post-doctoral fellow at the National Institute of Mental Health, expressed her belief that MissingNo.In the 2004 book Pikachu's Global Adventure: The Rise and Fall of Pokémon, professor of education Julian Sefton-Green noticed that in his study of his son's reaction to MissingNo.[25] In a 2017 article, University of Portsmouth professor Lincoln Geraghty examined fan theories that the glitch was a cut Pokémon related to the Pokémon Kangaskhan and Cubone, describing the theory as "an established work of fanon";[26] he further elaborated in a 2019 Ars Technica article that "fans' desire to incorporate MissingNo[.][11] In the same article, Newman argued that the existence of such fan theories "reveals a belief in the fundamental reality of Pokémon as entities that are given an opportunity to show themselves through the game, rather than being constructed out of code".[27] In an essay published in the 2021 book Miscommunications: Errors, Mistakes, Media, Nele Van De Mosselaer and Nathan Wildman argue that video game glitches such as MissingNo.
A seal-like creature swimming on a coast. To the left is a town and to the right is water.
The player using a Pokémon to surf on the eastern shore of Cinnabar Island, a key component for activating the glitch
American sociologist William Sims Bainbridge and his daughter studied how players reacted to glitches like MissingNo.
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