Michael Oldstone
[2] He and his group originated several important concepts, including molecular mimicry, disease associated with immune complexes, and the idea that persistent viruses can alter cellular functioning in significant ways.[2][5] In a 2016 review, Oldstone refers to the model system of LCMV infection in mice as "a Rosetta Stone for solving several important puzzles in biology that relate to human diseases".[2][5] Oldstone showed that persistently infected mice did make anti-LCMV antibody, but it was not located in the blood but rather deposited in the kidneys and some other organs, where it was bound to the virus to form immune complexes.Oldstone, with his colleague Hugh Rosen, studied the cytokine storm provoked in mice and ferrets by infection with influenza virus H1N1, and showed that the immune overreaction was responsible for some of the symptoms.[5] They further demonstrated that an agonist of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 could reduce inappropriate T-cell activation without preventing antibody generation, to provide a protective effect in this animal model that was superior to that of the licensed anti-influenza agent oseltamivir.Their research gave proof of concept that immune modulators could reduce influenza mortality at least as well as neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir in this model, and also suggests that drugs targeting the sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway could be effective against hantavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1, where cytokine storms are known to contribute to the pathology.[1][2] The first edition was positively reviewed by Robin A. Weiss in Science, who describes it as giving "concise, telling accounts" of major virus epidemics and the virologists associated with them, calling the book "accessible reading for the nonspecialist".[10] A more-critical review by Sheryl Gay Stolberg in The New York Times considers the book to be "sprinkled with good anecdotes" but criticizes the prose as "dense, overly technical and sorely lacking in detail".
virologistimmunologistviral pathogenesismolecular mimicryimmune complexesRNA viruseslymphocytic choriomeningitis virusinfluenza virusmeasles virusScripps Research InstituteManhattanUniversity of Alabama82nd Airborne DivisionUS ArmyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineTheodore WoodwardbiochemistryWilliam D. McElroyJohns Hopkins UniversitymicrobiologyneurologyBaltimoreScripps Clinic and Research FoundationLa JollaFrank J. DixonRafi AhmedPatrick SissonsPeter M. HowleyBernard N. Fieldsarenavirusimmune systeminfected congenitallyRosetta Stoneantibodiestolerantkidney diseaseretrovirusautoimmune responsetransgenic mousepancreatic β-cellsdiabetesinsulinendocrine cellsgrowth hormonenerve cellsinterleukin 10Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1negative-stranded RNA viruscytokine stormagonistT-celloseltamivirimmune modulatorsneuraminidase inhibitorssphingosine-1-phosphatehantavirussevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1Measlessubacute sclerosing panencephalitisHilary KoprowskiPaul de KruifOxford University PressRobin A. WeissScienceSheryl Gay StolbergThe New York TimesInstitute of MedicineNational Academy of SciencesJ. Allyn Taylor International Prize in MedicineBernard MossBernard RoizmanInternational Society for NeuroVirologyAcademic PressSpringer-VerlagNature ImmunologyF. J. DixonProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaTransactions of the American Clinical and Climatological AssociationNature Reviews MicrobiologyBernard DixonThe Quarterly Review of BiologyAmerican ScientistAmerican Association of Immunologists