Midgard
The Old Norse name Miðgarðr is cognate with Gothic Midjungards (attested in the Gospel of Luke as a translation of the Greek οἰκουμένη), Old Saxon Middilgard (in Heliand), Old High German Mittilagart (in Muspilli), and Old English Middangeard.Ymir's skull was held by four dwarfs, Nordri, Sudri, Austri, and Vestri, who represent the four points on the compass and became the dome of heaven.The final battle will take place on the plain of Vígríðr, following which Midgard and almost all life on it will be destroyed, with the earth sinking into the sea only to rise again, fertile and green when the cycle repeats and the creation begins again.Although most surviving instances of the word Midgard refer to spiritual matters, it was also used in more mundane situations, as in the Viking Age runestone poem from the inscription Sö 56 from Fyrby: The Danish and Swedish form Midgård or Midgaard, the Norwegian Midgard or Midgård, as well as the Icelandic and Faroese form Miðgarður, all derive from the Old Norse term.An early example of this transformation is from the Ormulum: The usage of "Middle-earth" as a name for a setting was popularized by Old English scholar J. R. R. Tolkien in his The Lord of the Rings and other fantasy works; he was originally inspired by the references to middangeard and Éarendel in the Old English poem Crist A. Mittilagart is mentioned in the 9th-century Old High German Muspilli (v. 54) meaning "the world" as opposed to the sea and the heavens: Middilgard is also attested in the Old Saxon Heliand:
MidgarMidgard (game)Midgard (software)Midgard (disambiguation)Old NorseFyrby RunestoneSödermanlandSwedencosmologyOld EnglishOld SaxonOld High GermanGothicοἰκουμένηNorse cosmologycognateGospel of LukeHeliandMuspilliMiddle EnglishCommon GermaniccompoundOld FrisianjötunnJotunheimNordri, Sudri, Austri, and VestriRagnarökJörmungandrVígríðrViking AgerunestoneSö 56DanishSwedishNorwegianIcelandicFaroeseBeowulfOikoumenepopular etymologyOrmulumMiddle-earthJ. R. R. TolkienThe Lord of the RingsÉarendelCrist AOld Norse orthographyAnglo-Saxon paganismĒostreGefjonHrethaSaxnotÞunorWayland the SmithWōdenEormenricHengist and HorsaSceafaWaldereCofgodDragonDwarf (Dweorh)Eoten/ThursWælcyrgeAnglo-Saxon ChronicleÆcerbotDe temporum rationeEaluscerwenFinnesburg FragmentFranks CasketHistoria ecclesiastica gentis AnglorumNine Herbs CharmOld English languageSpong HillSutton HooWidsithWið færsticeBlōtanBurialEarly Germanic calendarsFolkmootGermanic paganismHorsesMaypoleMetrical charmsMoot hillSymbelWeregildWetlands and islandsWilweorthungaHeathenrySeax-WicaÁrvakr and AlsviðrHjúki and BilJörðFjörgyn and FjörgynnAurvandilÞjaziSkinfaxiHrímfaxiSumarr and VetrNine Daughters of Ægir and RánNine WorldsYggdrasilGinnungagapMuspelheimNiflheimAuðumblaAustri, Vestri, Norðri and SuðriDellingrHræsvelgrMundilfariViðfinnrOld Norse religionmythologyMythological Norse people, items and placesDeitiesdwarfsjötnarAlmáttki ássForsetiHeimdallHermóðrHöðrHœnirÍtreksjóð