Council–manager government

[4] Under the form, an elected governing body, usually called a city council, board of aldermen, or similar title, is responsible for legislative functions such as establishing policy, passing local ordinances, voting appropriations, and developing an overall vision, similar to a corporate board of directors.[11] This appointment attracted attention to the fledgling profession and caught the eye of Richard S. Childs, who would become known as the "father" of the council–manager form of government.Ohio Progressives organizing for the city manager plan also prioritized proportional representation with adoption in Ashtabula, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Hamilton, and Toledo.The system was modified also in subsequent legislation, particularly the City and County Management (Amendment) Act 1955, which made some adjustments to give greater power to the council members, and the Local Government Act 1985, which provided for the council–manager system in Galway City once detached for local government purposes from County Galway.The council-manager form of local government was originally introduced into the West German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia by post-WWII legislation.
local governmentseparateMayor - CouncilCity councilcity managerCity CommissionDirect democratic formsTown meetingExecutive arrangementsEnglandmunicipalitiescountiesUnited StatesIrelandNew Zealand regional councilsCanadian municipalitiesexecutivepublicly traded corporationaldermenlegislativepolicylocal ordinancesappropriationsboard of directorschief executive officerchairpersonInternational City/County Management Associationprofessional organizationProgressive Movementpolitical machinespoils systemStaunton, VirginiaDayton, OhioProgressivesproportional representationAshtabulaCincinnatiClevelandHamiltonToledocity commission governmentWorld War IPhoenix, Arizonamayor–councilCouncil Manager (Republic of Ireland)1916 risingIrish War of IndependenceIrish Civil WarOireachtasFianna FáilboroughGalway CityCounty GalwayLocal Government Act 2001Lower SaxonyNorth Rhine-WestphaliaBarber, Kathleen L.Carr, Jered B.