List of Chinese monarchs

[6] This ranged from military enforcement, political patronage, establishing peace and solidity, institutional reform, and historical revisionism to legitimize the dissolution of previous dynasties and their own succession.[27] The subsequent legendary kings began with the Yellow Emperor (黃帝), known as Huangdi, a major culture hero of Chinese civilization whose reign was considered exemplary.[28] Since the late Warring States onwards, early Chinese monarchs have traditionally been ground into the concept of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors;[28] however, the chosen figures of this grouping varies considerably between sources.[29][30] Unlike the Xia, the Shang dynasty's historicity is firmly established, due to written records on divination objects known as Oracle bones.The oldest such oracle bones date to the Late Shang (c. 1250—1046 BCE), during the reign of Wu Ding (1250–1192), putting the exact details of earlier rulers into doubt.
illustration of Qin Shi Huang
Imagined portrait of Qin Shi Huang , the first Emperor of a unified China . Depiction from the Qing dynasty
Qin Shi HuangEmperor of a unified ChinaQing dynastyChinese monarchsChinese historiographymythological originXia dynastyfully unitedfirst Imperial dynastyHuangdifall in 1912Mandate of HeavenSon of Heavenall under heavenpolitical patronagehistorical revisionismwuxingpersonal nameposthumous namenaming tabootemple nameancestor worshipEmperor Wu of Hanera namesJurchenKhitanManchuMongolTangutChakravartiChinese BuddhismThree Sovereigns and Five EmperorsWarring States periodKwang-chih Changdemigodsculture herolegendary kingsforming the worldHou YiGonggongwater deityChinese mythsSuirenShennongYellow EmperorShaohaoZhuanxuEmperor KuEmperor YaoEmperor ShunYu the Greatflood controlhereditary succession(Tai) KangHan Zhuo(Zhong) Kang(Shao) Kang(Bu) JiangKong JiaMount Tai earthquakeBattle of MingtiaoShang dynastywritten recordsOracle bonesLate ShangWu DingJie of XiaDa DingTai DingWai BingZhong RenTai JiaautocraticWo DingQiang DingTai GengDa GengXiao JiaYong JiTai WuWuxianZhong DingWai RenHe Dan JiaZu XinWo JiaQiang JiaZu DingNan GengYang JiaPan GengXiao XinXiao YiPeriodization of the Shang dynastyFu HaoGuifangZu GengHoumuwu dingFu JingZu JiaBook of DocumentsLin XinGeng DingKang DingWen Wu DingWen DingPredynastic ZhouJi, King of ZhouKing Wen of ZhouDi XinBattle of MuyeZhou dynastyWestern ZhouKing WenKing Zhou of ShangDuke of ZhouRebellion of the Three GuardsprimogenitureZhou–Chu WarGonghe RegencyQuanrongEastern ZhouSpring and Autumn periodLuoyangDuke of ZhengBattle of XugeZhuangDuke HuanDuke WenConfuciusZhendingWeilieShenjingKing Zhaoxiang of QinQin dynastyQin (state)Dynastic nameKing Zhuangxiangconqueredsix other statesEmperor (皇帝; Huangdi)LegalistGreat Wall of ChinaLingquTerracotta Armyalchemical elixir poisoningQin Er ShiZhao GaoChu–Han ContentionLiu BangHan dynastyList of emperors of the Han dynastyXin dynastyYing BuEmpress LüQianshaohouse arrestHoushaoExpandedMarquis of HaihunHuo GuangaphrodisiacWang ZhengjunWang MangRuzi YingCousin-once-removedGengshi EmperorRed 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of SongSixteen KingdomsCheng HanLi XiongLi BanLi ShouLi ShiEastern JinFormer ZhaoLiu YuanLiu HeLiu CanJin ZhunLiu YaoWestern JinShi LeLater ZhaoJi SangShi HongShi HuHeavenly KingShi ShiShi ZunRan MinShi JianShi ZhiFormer LiangZhang MaoZhang GuiZhang JunZhang ShiZhang ChonghuaZhang YaolingZhang ZuoZhang XuanjingZhang TianxiFormer YanMurong HuangMurong HuiMurong JunMurong WeiMurong PingFu JiānFu JiànChanyuFu ShengFu HongYao ChangMurong YongWestern YanFu DengYao XingLater QinFu ChongQifu QianguiWestern QinLater YanMurong ChuiMurong BaoLan HanMurong ShengMurong XiFeng BaLater LiangBuddhismTaoismYao HongQifu GuorenQifu GanguiQifu ChipanSouthern LiangQifu MumoLü GuangLü ShaoLü ZuanLü LongTufa WuguTufa LiluguTufa RutanNorthern LiangDuan YeJuqu MengxunWestern LiangJuqu MujianNorthern WeiSouthern YanMurong DeMurong ChaoLi GaoDunhuangLi XinLi XunHelian XiaHelian BoboHelian ChangHelian DingTuyuhunNorthern YanGao YunFeng HongGoguryeoNorthern and Southern dynastiesList of emperors of China's Northern DynastiesEmperor DaowuDai StateEmperor MingyuanEmperor TaiwuZong AiTuoba YuEmperor WenchengEmperor XianwenEmperor XiaowenEmpress Dowager FengEmperor XuanwuEmperor XiaomingEmpress Dowager HuYouzhu of Northern WeiErzhu RongEmperor XiaozhuangErzhu ZhaoYuan YeEmperor JieminErzhu ShilongGao HuanYuan LangYuwen TaiNorthern ZhouEastern WeiEmperor XiaojingGao YangNorthern QiEmperor WenxuanYang YinGao YanGao ZhanEmperor XiaozhaoEmperor WuchengAbdicatedGao WeiGao HengWestern WeiEmperor WenEmperor Xiaowen of Northern WeiYuwen JueEmperor XiaominYuwen HuEmperor XuanEmperor JingEmperor Wen of SuiList of emperors of China's Southern DynastiesLiu Song dynastyEmperor ShaoXu XianzhiLiu ShaoEmperor QianfeiEmperor HoufeiXiao DaochengEmperor Gao of Southern QiSouthern QiEmperor GaoXiao ZhaoyeXiao LuanXiao ZhaowenMarquess of DonghunEmperor HeJianglingXiao YanLiang dynastyHou JingXiao DongXiao TongXiao JiXiao YuanmingWang SengbianChen BaxianEmperor JinXiao ChaXiao KuiXiao CongChen dynastyChen HouzhuSui dynastyYang ZhongLi YuanList of emperors of the Tang dynastyTang dynasty(Wu) ZhouLi BingXuanwu Gate IncidentTaizongLi JianchengGaozongWu ZetianZhongzongRuizongWu Zhoude factoImperial examination systemZhang JianzhiEmpress WeiEmperor ShangPrincess TaipingXuanzongAn Lushan RebellionSuzongLingwuDaizongAn–Shi RebellionDezongjiedushiShunzongAphasicabdicateeunuchsXianzongwarlordMuzongWang ShouchengLi FengjiJingzongfootballWenzongSweet Dew incidentWuzongpersecution of Buddhismdrug overdoseTibetan EmpireYizongXizongTian LingziLi YunZhaozongZhu WenFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms periodHuang ChaoKaifengZhu YouguiZhu YouwenZhu YouzhenLi CunxuLater TangLi SiyuanLi KeyongLi ConghouLi CongkeShi JingtangLater JinShatuoKhitan peopleShi ChongguiEmperor Taizong of LiaoLater HanLiu ZhiyuanLiu ChengyouGuo WeiLater ZhouChai RongChai ZongxunEmperor Taizu of SongFormer ShuWang JianWang ZongyanYang WuYang XingmiYangzhouYang WoZhang HaoXu WenYang LongyanYang PuXu ZhigaoLi BianSouthern TangMa ChuMa YinTanzhouMa XishengMa XifanMa XiguangMa Xi'eMa XichongQian LiuQian YuanguanQian HongzuoQian HongzongHu JinsiQian ChuSong dynastyWang ShenzhiWang ChaoWang YanhanWang YanjunWang JipengWang ChangWang YanxiLian ChongyuWang YanzhengGreat YueSouthern HanLiu YanGuangzhouLiu BinLiu ShengLiu ChangJingnanGao JixingNanpingGao ConghuiGao BaorongGao BaoxuGao JichongLater ShuMeng ZhixiangMeng ChangLi Jingci poetryNorthern HanLiu ChongLiu JunLiu Ji'enLiu JiyuanList of emperors of the Song dynastyNorthern SongVietnamZhenzongLiao dynastyChanyuan TreatyRenzongEmpress LiuYingzongEmperor TaizongEmpress Dowager CaoShenzongNew PoliciesZhezongEmpress Dowager GaoHuizongJurchen JinQinzongJingkang incidentSouthern SongZhao FuXiaozongfirst Song EmperorGuangzongNingzongLizongDuzongGongzongEmpress XieDuanzongFuzhouZhao BingXi RiverBattle of YamenList of emperors of the Liao dynastyKhaganShizongShengzongXiao YanyanXingzongDaozongTianzuoWestern XiaWestern Xia emperors family treeLi DemingNingling GeLady MozangMozang EpangChongzongHuanzongXiangzongLi XianJin dynastyHeliboWanyanSackedWanyan LiangPrince of HailingBattle of CaishiZhangzongPrince Shao of WeiAizongMongol conquest of the JinList of emperors of the Yuan dynastyYuan dynastyYuan dynasty family treeSetsen KhanKublai KhanGenghis KhanFully conquered the Song dynastyToluid Civil WarKhanbaliqMarco PoloÖljeytü KhanKublaiKülüg KhanBuyantu KhanGegeen KhanAyurbarwadaBorjigin Yesün TemürBorjigin RagibaghYesünWar of the Two CapitalsJayaatu KhanKülügKhutughtu KhanEl TemürBayan of the MerkidBorjigin RinchinbalKhutughtuUkhaghatu KhanList of emperors of the Ming dynastyMing dynastyEra nameHongwuRed Turban RebellionsJianwenYongle EmperorMing PalaceYonglePorcelain Tower of NanjingYongle EncyclopediaMing treasure voyagesHongxiXuandeWang ZhenNorthern YuanTumu CrisisJingtaiChenghuaHongzhiZhengdeLiu JinJiajingLongqingdecline of MingTaichangTianqiWei ZhongxianChongzhenhanging himself on a treeList of emperors of the Qing dynastyShunzhiHong Taijicouncil of Manchu princesManchu conquest of the Mingto the SouthsmallpoxKangxiKangxi DictionaryComplete Tang PoemsYongzhengGrand CouncilQianlongto its heightJiaqingapoplexyDaoguangFirst Opium WarTaiping RebellionstrokeXianfengNian RebellionSecond Opium WarTongzhiEmpress Dowager CixiTongzhi RestorationGuangxuHundred Days' ReformXuantong1911 RevolutionList of presidents of the Republic of ChinaList of state representatives of the People's Republic of ChinaChinese historyLiang QichaoEnd of the Han dynastyFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdomsdivine right of kingscosmic relationsheavenEmperor Wen of Hanoracle boneYing ZhengEmperor (皇帝 Huangdi)lunar monthYing HuhaiZiyingXiang YuHan riverEmperorShaodi GongHanshuShaodi HongLiu YiDuke of HaixiYang YouLi ChongmaoLiu JishuWanyan YongjiMing courtHongwu EmperorJianwen EmperorZhu YousongPrince of FuQianlong EmperorHongxi EmperorJiajing EmperorEmperor YingzongShunzhi EmperorKangxi EmperorYongzheng EmperorLü LiuliangXuantong EmperorAsian PerspectivesLi, XueqinRadiocarbonBibcodeLoewe, MichaelShaughnessy, Edward L.Cambridge University PressChang, Kwang-chihKeightley, David N.University of California PressColumbia University PressState University of New York PressChinaknowledgeWu Kuo-ChenCrown Publishers, Inc.XSZCP GroupIndiana UniversityYates, Robin D.S.Brill Publishersde Crespigny, RafeTwitchett, DennisChinese University PressEast Asian HistoryWright, Arthur F.RoutledgeOuyang XiuHistorical Records of the Five DynastiesScarecrow PressGoodrich, Luther CarringtonFang ChaoyingEminent Chinese of the Ch'ing PeriodUS Government Printing OfficeFang, Chao-yingHummel, Arthur W. Sr.United States Government Printing OfficeKennedy, George A.Mote, Frederick W.Twitchett, DenisChan, Hok-lamGeiss, JamesHuang, RayPeterson, Willard J.Spence, JonathanZelin, MadeleineJournal of Song-Yuan StudiesTao, Jing-ShenFranke, HerbertDardess, JohnRossabi, MorrisSzonyi, MichaelMcGraw-HillMoule, Arthur C.Paludan, AnnThames & HudsonOther PressWilkinson, EndymionHarvard University Asia CenterGreenwood Publishing GroupHammond, Kenneth J.Yale University PressAsiatische StudienEncyclopedia of China Publishing HouseKhmaladze, Estate V.International Statistical ReviewMetropolitan Museum of ArtDavid K. JordanImperial ChinaNobilityMonarchyDynastyTitlesHeirloom Seal of the RealmEmpressConsort kinGrand ChancellorMandarin (bureaucrat)Scholar-officialNine-rank systemNine CourtsFive DirectoratesImperial examinationsTaixueGuozijianHanlin AcademyAcademies (Shuyuan)CensorateTributary systemHistorical capitalsTerritorial administrationThree Lords and Nine MinistersThree Ducal MinistersNine MinistersTranslated titlesJimi systemBureau of Military AffairsShumishiShangshu ShengZhongshu ShengMenxia ShengSecretariat-ChancelleryMinistry of PersonnelMinistry of RevenueMinistry of RitesMinistry of WarMinistry of JusticeMinistry of WorksThree BureausRemonstrance BureauImperial CommissionerGrand SecretariatImperial Clan CourtGrand coordinator and provincial governorViceroys in ChinaMandarin squareDeliberative Council of Princes and MinistersLifan YuanNine Gates Infantry CommanderAdministrative divisionsZongli YamenTang Imperial GuardsShence ArmyEmbroidered Uniform GuardQing Imperial GuardsDynasties