Licinius
Born to a Dacian[3][4] peasant family in Moesia Superior, Licinius accompanied his close childhood friend and future emperor Galerius, on the Persian expedition in 298.[5] Upon his return to the east Galerius elevated Licinius to the rank of Augustus in the West on 11 November 308, and under his immediate command were the Balkan provinces of Illyricum, Thrace and Pannonia.[8] The redaction of the edict as reproduced by Lactantius – who follows the text affixed by Licinius in Nicomedia on 14 June 313, after Maximinus' defeat – uses neutral language, expressing a will to propitiate "any Divinity whatsoever in the seat of the heavens".[4] When he repeated this with another invasion, this time by the Goths who were pillaging Thrace under their leader Rausimod, Licinius complained that Constantine had broken the treaty between them.Then in 324, Constantine, tempted by the "advanced age and unpopular vices"[7][5] of his colleague, again declared war against him and having defeated his army of 165,000 men[15] at the Battle of Adrianople (3 July 324), succeeded in shutting him up within the walls of Byzantium.[citation needed] He co-authored the Edict of Milan which ended the Great Persecution, and re-affirmed the rights of Christians in his half of the empire.[19] However, Eusebius of Caesarea, writing under the rule of Constantine, charges him with expelling Christians from the Palace and ordering military sacrifices to pagan gods, as well as interfering with the Church's internal procedures and organization.[19] Finally, on Licinius's death, his memory was branded with infamy; his statues were thrown down; and by edict, all his laws and judicial proceedings during his reign were abolished.
Licinius (disambiguation)Kunsthistorisches MuseumRoman emperorSeverus IIConstantine IGaleriusMaximinus DazaValerius ValensMartinianusMoesiaRoman EmpireThessalonicaFlavia Julia ConstantiaLicinius IIAncient Roman religionEdict of MilanBattle of ChrysopolisDacianMaxentiusAugustusIllyricumThracePannoniaSarmatiansHellespontBosporusMediolanumLicinius the YoungerChristianityLactantiusNicomediaFollisLondiniumBnF MuseumSolidusBithyniaByzantiumAdrianopleHeracleaBattle of TzirallumCilician GatesTarsusFlavius SeverianusCandidianusPriscaGaleria ValeriaTetrarchySassanid EmpireCivil wars of the Tetrarchy (306–324 AD)Battle of CibalaeconsulshipBattle of MardiaRausimodBattle of AdrianopleBattle of the HellespontCrispusCaesarChalcedonMartinianCappadociaBritish MuseumGreat PersecutionEusebius of Caesareadamnatio memoriaeTetrarchsDIOCLETIANAfranius HannibalianusEutropiaMaximianHelenaConstantius IFlavia Maximiana TheodoraMaximinus IIValeria MaximillaFaustaJulius ConstantiusValens IValerius RomulusConstantine IIConstantius IIConstans IJulian IITimothy BarnesGibbon, Edwardpublic domainChisholm, HughEncyclopædia BritannicaPeter J. LeithartDefending Constantine: The Twilight of an Empire and the Dawn of ChristendomAbbott, John Stevens CabotWayback MachineBarnes, Timothy D.Seeck, OttoRealencyclopädie der classischen AltertumswissenschaftMaximinusValensRoman consulConstantine AugustusPompeius ProbusG. Ceionius Rufius VolusianusG. Vettius Cossinius RufinusOvinius GallicanusCaesonius BassusCrispus CaesarLicinius CaesarConstantine CaesarPetronius ProbianusAmnius Anicius JulianusByzantine emperorsPrincipateTiberiusCaligulaClaudiusVitelliusVespasianDomitianTrajanHadrianAntoninus PiusMarcus AureliusLucius VerusCommodusPertinaxDidius JulianusSeptimius SeverusCaracalla