Liberalism in the Philippines

The ideology became prominent among an educated group known as the ilustrado, including the author José Rizal, whose writing contained liberal themes.[1]: 163–164 Luis Rodríguez-Varela, a writer in the Philippines of European descent, sometimes known as "El Conde Filipino", began releasing books espousing a liberal view in 1799.These political aspirations caused conflict with the influential friars in the Philippines, and the state generally sided with the religious authorities.[6]: 231 While common among the elite in Filipino politics, liberal philosophy did not spread far within the economically unequal wider society, where Catholic conservatism competed with socialist movements.Ferdinand Marcos implemented martial law, justifying the move as necessary to combat the communist New People's Army rebellion as well as elite oligarchic families.[5]: 2–3 The 2016 Philippine presidential election was run by populist Rodrigo Duterte, a dark horse candidate who campaigned on the failures of the existing political system to achieve change.This was seen as a role to prove to Americans that Filipinos were responsible citizens, and liberal ideas were deployed to argue for the Philippines' independence.

José Rizal was a prominent liberal thinker whose ideas were adopted by both the national movement and American authorities.

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