Lake Seamen's Union
[1] While the union originally covered all seamen, firemen soon became organized by the International Longshoremen's Association.In 1901, many marine cooks left to join the Hotel and Restaurant Employees' International Alliance.The following year, one local based in Buffalo, New York, decided to rejoin the ISU, and became the new Marine Cooks' and Stewards' Association of the Great Lakes.[1] From 1903 until 1908, the union signed annual agreements on wages and working conditions with the Lake Carriers' Association.In 1909, the carriers refused to sign a new agreement, and instead enforced a new open shop arrangement.