Kutubuan languages

The Kutubuan languages are a small family of neighboring languages families in Papua New Guinea.They are named after Lake Kutubu in Papua New Guinea.There has been some debate over whether they are closer to each other than to other languages, but Usher includes them both in the Kikorian branch of the tentative Papuan Gulf stock.Within the two branches, the lexicostatistical figures are 60–70%.Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:[1] Proposed Kutubu reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[2] Foi language: Fasu language: The following basic vocabulary words are from Franklin (1975), Franklin & Voorhoeve (1973), McElhanon and Voorhoeve (1970), and Shaw (1986), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[3] The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. auřu, airu, alu for “tongue”) or not (e.g. weḷia, kakusa, yapi for “blood”).
ISO 639 codeLake KutubuSouthern Highlands ProvincePapua New GuineaLinguistic classificationPapuan GulfEast KutubuanWest KutubuanISO 639-3GlottologFiwagaNamumiproto-Trans-New GuineaFoi languageFasu languageTrans–New Guinea languagesWest Trans–New Guinea languagesGrand Valley DaniSilimoWestern DaniPaniai LakesWolaniWest BomberaiTimor–Alor–PantarEast TimorFatalukuMakaleroMakasaeOirataRusenuAlor–PantarBlagarKamangSawilaWersingNedebangWestern PantarCentral and South New Guinea languagesAsmat–KamoroBuruwaiKamberauKamoroSempanGreater AwyuMandoboKombai–WanggomShiaxaWambonKomyandaretKorowaiTsaukamboOk–OksapminBurumakokKopkakaNinggerumYonggomFaiwolSetamanSugangaTelefolUrapminNgalumOksapminTangkoBayono–AwbonoBayonoAwbonoDensarKovojabKomolomKonerawMombumSomahaiMominaMomunaChimbu–Wahgi languagesKandawoMaringChuaveNomaneSalt-YuiSinasinaKaguelTembaglaKainantu–Goroka languagesAlekanoTokanoInoke-YateKamonoKaniteKe’yaganaYagariaBenabenaYaweyuhaBinumarienKambairaTairoaAgarabiAwiyaanaGadsupKosenaOntenuOweinaUsarufaKenatiMadang languagesCroisillesMaianiWaskiaBepourMauwakeNumugenBilakuraParawenUkurigumaYarawataKowakiPamosuWanambreMabusoGirawaGumaluHansemanBagupiBaimakMatepiMosimoMurupiNobonobRaptingSamosaSarugaSilopiYoidikMindjimRai CoastYangulamBrahmanKesawaiSinsauruDanaruUriginaDuduelaArawumPulabuSouthern AdelbertAnamguraMoresadaWadaginamSogeramAtembleMagɨyiPaynamarSileibiYaganonGanglauYabongAmaimonBargamWasemboYambenFinisterre–Huon languagesFinisterreFinonganMunkipNakamaNumanggangNekginiNgaingWelikiWantoatTuma-IrumuAsaro'oBulgebiDegenanGwahatikeMuratayakBonkimanDomungNankinaYout WamMigabacMomareBorongKinalaknaKumokioSelepetSialumSoutheast Papuan languagesKoiarianGrass KoiariMountain KoiariKoitabuNamiaeKwaleanHumeneMulahaManubaranDoromuYarebanMoikodiAneme WakeBarijiNawaruYarebaMailuanBauwakiBinahariMorawaMapenaGinumanKanasiUmanakainaTurakaAnim languagesBaramuMakayamZimakaniMarind–YaqaiMarindInland GulfFoia FoiaHoia HoiaMubamiAngaatahaAnkaveHamtaiKamasaKawachaSafeyokaSimbariSusuamiTainaeYagwoiaAwin–PaBinandereanBarugaBinandereKorafeOrokaivaYekoraBosaviAimeleKaluliOnobasuluDuna–PogayaPogayaEast StricklandGobasiOdoodeeBisorioLembenaSamberigiGogodala–SukiGogodalaWarunaGoilalanTauadeBiangaiKunimaipaKayagaricAtohwaimKayagarTamagarioKiwaianKerewoMorigiWabodaKolopomKimaamaRiantanaTurama–KikorianMoraoriPapuan language familiesTrans-New GuineaOk-OksapminAsmat-KamoroMaroriGogodala-SukiTurama-KikoriAwin-PaMadangFinisterre-HuonKainantu-GorokaChimbu-WahgiEnga-Kewa-HuliDuna-BogayaPapuan PeninsulaGreater BinandereanNusantaraTimor-Alor-PantarNorth HalmaheraTamboraBird's Head PeninsulaSouth Bird's HeadNuclear South Bird's HeadInanwatan–DuriankereKonda–YahadianEast Bird's HeadNuclear East Bird's HeadHatam–MansimWest Bird's HeadMaybratTanah MerahWestern New GuineaTor-KwerbaLakes PlainBorderEast Cenderawasih BayPauwasiNimboranSentaniMairasiLepki-MurkimSenagiTofanma-NamlaAbinomnBurmesoElsengKapauriKembraMassepBayono-AwbonoUhunduniTorricelliLower Sepik-RamuLower SepikKwomtariLeonhard SchultzeUpper YuatArafundiLeft MayAmto-MusanMarienbergArapeshMaimaiMonumboMiddle SepikNukumaYellow RiverYerakaiUpper SepikWogamusSepik HillLower RamuOttilienMisegianMiddle RamuTamolanAtaitanGulf of PapuaNew GuineaPahoturi RiverElemanOriomoTeberanDoso-TurumsaYelmek-MaklewDibiyasoKaki AeKamulaKaramiPawaiaPoromePurariBismarck ArchipelagoSolomon IslandsBainingNorth BougainvilleSouth BougainvilleCentral SolomonsButam-TaulilMakolkolRossel IslandYélî DnyeWest PapuanNorthwest PapuanSouth PauwasiEast PapuanSoutheast PapuanBinanderean–GoilalanArai–SamaiaAsmat–MombumTrans-Fly–Bulaka RiverTrans-FlyDani–KwerbaEast Bird's Head – SentaniKwomtari–FasLeft May – KwomtariTor–Kwerba–NimboranWest Trans–New GuineaWest Papuan HighlandsCentral and South New GuineaCentral West New GuineaEast New Guinea HighlandsYele – West New BritainSepik–RamuIndo-PacificProto-languageProto-Trans–New Guinea