Kurds in France
In France, Kurdish immigrant workers from Turkey first arrived in the second half of the 1960s.[3] Thousands of political Kurdish refugees fled from Turkey during the 1970s and onward, from Iraq and Iran during the 1980s and 1990s, and from Syria during the Syrian Civil War.[3] In October 2014, Kurds in France and other European countries marched in protest at what they perceived as Turkish collaboration with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant during the Siege of Kobani.On 12 October 2019, thousands of Kurds in France marched to protest the 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria.[5] On 23 December 2022, Kurdish protests responding to the mass shooting of Kurds in Paris turned into violent demonstrations.