Karl Guthe Jansky
In July 1928 at age 22, he was able to join the Bell Telephone Laboratories, and because of a kidney condition he had since college (which eventually led to his early death), he was sent to the healthier environs of the field station in Holmdel, New Jersey.[3]: 40 Bell Labs wanted to investigate atmospheric and ionospheric properties using "short waves" (wavelengths of about 10–20 meters) for use in trans-Atlantic radio telephone service.At Bell Telephone Laboratories, Jansky built a directional antenna designed to receive radio waves at a frequency of 20.5 MHz (wavelength about 14.6 meters).It was mounted on top of a turntable on a set of four Ford Model-T wheels, which allowed it to be rotated in the azimuthal direction, earning it the nickname "Jansky's merry-go-round" (the cost of which was later estimated to be less than $1000).[5] By comparing his observations with optical astronomical maps, Jansky concluded that the radiation was coming from the Milky Way and was strongest (7:10 p.m. on September 16, 1932) in the direction of the center of the galaxy, in the constellation of Sagittarius.[6] His discovery was widely publicized, appearing in the New York Times of May 5, 1933,[7] and he was interviewed on a special NBC program on "Radio sounds from among the stars".[4] In October 1933, his discovery was published in a journal article entitled "Electrical disturbances apparently of extraterrestrial origin" in the Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers.Jansky wanted to further investigate the Milky Way radio waves after 1935 (he called the radiation "Star Noise" in the thesis he submitted to earn his 1936 University of Wisconsin Masters degree),[9][10] but he found little support from either astronomers, for whom it was completely foreign, or Bell Labs, which could not justify, during the Great Depression, the cost of research on a phenomenon that did not significantly affect trans-Atlantic communications systems.
NormanOklahomaRed Bank, New JerseyUniversity of WisconsinRadio astronomyPhysicsBell Labsphysicistradio wavesMilky WaySagittariusTerritory of OklahomaUniversity of OklahomaKarl Eugen GutheWisconsinWisconsin Public RadioMinnesotaBell Telephone LaboratoriesHolmdel, New Jerseyatmosphericionosphericshort waveswavelengthsradio telephonestaticdirectional antennafrequencyModel-Tanalogsidereal dayconstellationNew York TimesProceedings of the Institute of Radio EngineersGreat DepressionGrote Reberradio telescopeIllinoisJohn D. KrausWorld War IIOhio State UniversityGreen Bank ObservatoryLittle Silver, New JerseyRiverview Medical Centerspectral irradiancejanskyNational Radio Astronomy ObservatorypostdoctoralVery Large ArrayGreen Bank, West VirginiaBell Labs Holmdel ComplexTony TysonRobert WilsonLucent Technologieshigh frequencystatic disturbancescosmicCosmic noise1932 JanskyProc. IREBibcodeProc. IEEEReber Radio TelescopeAstronomical radio sourceSingh, SimonThe New York TimesNOKIA Bell LabsRadio windowAstronomical interferometerVery Long Baseline Interferometry500 meter Aperture Spherical TelescopeArecibo TelescopeCaltech Submillimeter ObservatoryEffelsberg TelescopeGalenki RT-70Green Bank TelescopeLarge Millimeter TelescopeLovell TelescopeOoty TelescopeQitai Radio TelescopeRATAN-600 Radio TelescopeSardinia Radio TelescopeSuffa RT-70Usuda TelescopeUTR-2 decameter radio telescopeYevpatoria RT-70HartRAOParkes ObservatoryWarkworth Radio Astronomical ObservatoryAllen Telescope ArrayAtacama Large Millimeter ArrayAustralia Telescope Compact ArrayAustralian Square Kilometre Array PathfinderCanadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping ExperimentCombined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave AstronomyEuropean VLBI NetworkEvent Horizon TelescopeGiant Metrewave Radio TelescopeGreen Bank InterferometerKorean VLBI NetworkLarge Latin American Millimeter ArrayLong Wavelength ArrayLow-Frequency ArrayMeerKATMolonglo Observatory Synthesis TelescopeMulti-Element Radio Linked Interferometer NetworkMurchison Widefield ArrayNorthern Cross Radio TelescopeNorthern Extended Millimeter ArrayOne-Mile TelescopePrimeval Structure TelescopeSquare Kilometre ArraySubmillimeter ArrayVery Long Baseline ArrayWesterbork Synthesis Radio TelescopeSpektr-RAlgonquin Radio ObservatoryArecibo ObservatoryHaystack ObservatoryJodrell Bank ObservatoryMullard Radio Astronomy ObservatoryNançay Radio ObservatoryOnsala Space ObservatoryPushchino Radio Astronomy ObservatorySpecial Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of ScienceVermilion River ObservatoryESA New Norcia