Jerusalem artichoke
The tubers persist for years after being planted, so the species expanded its range from central North America to the eastern and western regions.[citation needed] Early European colonists learned of this and sent tubers back to Europe, where they became a popular crop and naturalized there.Over time, the name girasole (pronounced closer to [dʒiraˈsuːlə] in southern Italian dialects) was corrupted by English-speakers to Jerusalem.Samuel de Champlain, the French explorer, sent the first samples of the plant to France, noting its taste was similar to that of an artichoke.[20][21] The name topinambur, in one account, dates from 1615, when a member of the Brazilian coastal tribe called the Tupinambá visited the Vatican at the same time that a sample of the tuber from Canada was on display there, presented as a critical food source that helped French Canadian settlers survive the winter.The New World connection resulted in the name topinambur being applied to the tuber, the word now used in French, German, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, and Spanish.[22][23] According to Iroquois mythology, the first sunchokes grew out of Earth Woman's feet after she died giving birth to her twin sons, Sapling and Flint.[25] The French explorer Samuel de Champlain discovered that the native people of Nauset Harbor in Massachusetts had cultivated roots that tasted like artichoke.The following year, Champlain returned to the same area to discover that the roots had a flavor similar to chard[26] and was responsible for bringing the plant back to France.The French explorer and Acadia's first historian Marc Lescarbot described Jerusalem artichokes as being "as big as turnips or truffles," suitable for eating and taste "like chards, but more pleasant."In 1629, the English herbalist and botanist John Parkinson wrote that the widely grown Jerusalem artichoke had become very common and cheap in London, so much so "that even the most vulgar begin to despise them."[28] Its rapid growth and its ability to reproduce from buried rhizomes and tubers facilitates the Jerusalem artichoke's uncontrolled spread.John Gerard's Herbal, printed in 1621, quotes the English botanist John Goodyer on Jerusalem artichokes:[55] which way soever they be dressed and eaten, they stir and cause a filthy loathsome stinking wind within the body, thereby causing the belly to be pained and tormented, and are a meat more fit for swine than men.Jerusalem artichokes have 650 mg potassium per 1 cup (150 g) serving.Red Rossler contains other ingredients such as currants, producing a schnapps with about 50% alcohol used as digestif and as a folk remedy for diarrhea or abdominal pain.[citation needed] In the 1980s, the Jerusalem artichoke also gained some notoriety when its seeds were planted by Midwestern US farmers at the prodding of an agricultural attempt to save the family farm.The only real profit in this effort was realized by a few first-year growers (who sold some of their seed to other farmers individually as well as with the help of the company attempting this venture).
ErdapfelConservation statusLeast ConcernIUCN 3.1Scientific classificationPlantaeTracheophytesAngiospermsEudicotsAsteridsAsteralesAsteraceaeHelianthusBinomial nameSynonymssunflowerNorth Americaroot vegetableherbaceousperennial plantleavesbroad ovoid-acuteflowersflowerheadsray floretsdisc floretstubersginger rootindigenous peoplesEuropestarchinulinpolymermonosaccharidefructosesucrosefolk remedydiabetesJerusalemartichokedaisy familyUnited Statessouthern Italian dialectsPuritansNew WorldVirginia AlgonquianFrieda CaplanSamuel de ChamplainTupinambáVaticanIroquois mythologydied giving birthSapling and FlintClaude MonetIndigenous peoples of the Americascommon sunflowerhairy sunflowersawtooth sunflowerMassachusettsbotanistTerneuzenMarc LescarbotJohn ParkinsonLewis and ClarkNorth Dakotainsulindietary fiberenergy cropsweed controlallelopathicethanol fuelJohn GerardJohn GoodyerpotassiumsilageEnergyCarbohydratesSugarsProteinVitaminsThiamine (B1)Riboflavin (B2)Niacin (B3)Pantothenic acid (B5)Vitamin B6Folate (B9)Vitamin CMineralsMagnesiumthe National AcademiesBaden-WürttembergGermanyalcohol by volumeCaramel colorcommon tormentilschnappsdigestifdiarrheaMidwestern USAgroathelia rolfsiiSclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia minorErysiphe cichoracearumPuccinia helianthiAlternaria helianthiSpodoptera lituraCochylis hospesIUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesGermplasm Resources Information NetworkAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureHuxley, Anthony JulianLondonMacmillan PublishersAngier, BradfordFalconGuidesSmith, James EdwardWedgwood, HensleighNiering, William A.BibcodeCollier's New EncyclopediabacteriaWayback MachineUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationOregon State UniversityWikidata