Cross-cultural communication
[2] During the Cold War, the economy of the United States was largely self-contained because the world was polarized into two separate and competing powers: the East and the West.It has become essential for universities to educate, or more importantly, "transform", to function effectively and comfortably in a world characterized by close, multi-faceted relationships and permeable borders.This level of global competence starts at ground level- the university and its faculty- with how they generate and transmit cross-cultural knowledge and information to students.Another primary concern with documenting alternative cultural norms revolves around the fact that no social actor uses language in ways that perfectly match normative characterizations.Corporations have grown into new countries, regions, and continents around the world, which has caused people of various cultures to move and learn to adapt to their environment.[12] Yaila Zotzmann, Dimitri van der Linden, and Knut Wyra looked at Asia, Europe, and North America.The program stands for: "Research into implementation STrategies to support patients of different ORigins and language background in a variety of European primary care settings".Emphasizing constructive, culturally informed, and task-related dialogue is essential for fostering an environment that leverages lateral feedback as a tool for continuous improvement, collaboration, and enhanced creativity within teams.With the increasing pressures and opportunities of globalization, the incorporation of international networking alliances has become an "essential mechanism for the internationalization of higher education".In general, university processes revolve around four major dimensions which include: organizational change, curriculum innovation, staff development, and student mobility.[18] As stated by Ellingboe, internationalization "is an ongoing, future-oriented, multidimensional, interdisciplinary, leadership-driven vision that involves many stakeholders working to change the internal dynamics of an institution to respond and adapt appropriately to an increasingly diverse, globally focused, ever-changing external environment".As globalization progresses the world has become more interconnected, leading to job and study opportunities abroad in different countries and cultures, where the students are surrounded by a language that is not their mother tongue.In other words, qualitative researchers seek to gain insights into life experiences by exploring the depth, richness, and complexity inherent to human phenomenon.To gather data, qualitative researchers use direct observation and immersion, interviews, open-ended surveys, focus groups, content analysis of visual and textual material, and oral histories.Qualitative research studies involving cross-language issues are particularly complex in that they require investigating meanings, interpretations, symbols, and the processes and relations of social life.Thus, it is crucial to give attention to how researchers describe the use of translators and/or interpreters since it reflects their competence in addressing language as a methodological issue.[31] As one of the primary methods for collecting rich and detailed information in qualitative research, interviews conducted in cross-cultural linguistic contexts raise a number of issues.In addition, as[32] van Ness et al. observe, challenges of translation can be from the perspective that interpretation of meaning is the core of qualitative research.Today, the main contributions concerning issues of translation and interpretation come from the field of health care, including from transcultural nursing.As Oxley et al.[50] point out, in a multilingual setting interpretation challenges arise when researcher and participants speak the same non-English native language, but the results of the study are intended for an English-speaking audience.In his work, Lee[52] illustrates the central role that reflexivity plays in setting researcher's priorities and his/her involvement in the translation process.Specifically, his study focuses on the dilemma that researchers speaking the same language of participants face when the findings are intended to an English-speaking audience only.WYSE International's website states its aims are to: "provide education independently of political, religious or social backgrounds and promote visionary leadership capable of responding to evolving world needs."[55] Middle East Entrepreneurs of Tomorrow is an innovative educational initiative aimed at creating a common professional language between Israeli and Palestinian young leaders.Israeli and Palestinian students are selected through an application process and work in small bi-national teams to develop technology and business projects for local impact.While there is debate in academia, over what cross-cultural teams can do in practice, a meta-analysis by Günter Stahl, Martha Maznevski, Andreas Voigt and Karsten Jonsen on research done on multicultural groups, concluded "Research suggests that cultural diversity leads to process losses through task conflict and decreased social integration, but to process gains through increased creativity and satisfaction.Eye contact, Huseman goes on to explain, is the key factor in setting the tone between two individuals and greatly differs in meaning between cultures.People who avoid eye contact when speaking are viewed in a negative light, withholding information and lacking in general confidence.Huseman goes on to explain that Hall identifies three types of space: Oral and written communication is generally easier to learn, adapt and deal with in the business world for the simple fact that each language is unique.In the view of Australian linguists, such as Michael Walsh and Ghil'ad Zuckermann,[qualify evidence] conversations between people from western cultures are usually: "dyadic" – i.e. a dialogue between two specific people; direct eye contact is important; whichever person is speaking at a particular point in time controls the interaction, and; conversations are "contained", in a relatively short, well-defined time frame.