Ingressive sound
They may be found as phonemes, words, and entire phrases on all continents and in genetically-unrelated languages, most frequently in sounds for agreement and backchanneling.Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:268) state, "This ǃXóõ click is probably unique among the sounds of the world's languages that, even in the middle of a sentence, it may have ingressive pulmonic airflow."In the extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet, ingressive sounds are indicated with ⟨↓⟩ so the Norwegian backchanneling particles ja and nei would be transcribed ⟨jɑː↓⟩ and ⟨næɪ↓⟩.It sometimes occurs in rapid counting to maintain a steady airflow throughout a long series of unbroken sounds.Japanese-speakers also use an ingressive bilateral bidental friction as a "pre-turn opening in conversation" or to begin a prayer.Several languages include an affirmative "yeah", "yah", "yuh", or "yes" that is made with inhaled breath, which sounds something like a gasp.
IngressIPA numberphoneticsairstreamtongueglottisegressive soundairstream mechanismrarefiesclicksImplosive consonantparalinguisticbackchannelingǃXóõclick consonantsextensions to the International Phonetic AlphabetNorwegianScandinavian languagesEnglishTohono OʼodhamJapaneseEskimoIrelandHiberno-EnglishScottish HighlandsHighland EnglishNewfoundlandthe MaritimesCanadaMaine accentFrenchFaroeseIcelandicDanishSwedishSwedenLow Germanstandard GermanFinnishEstonianKhalkha Mongolianlanguages of TogoCameroonHausa languageNigeriaPhilippine languagesTagalogBoronganSamar ProvinceArtecheDoloresAmerican EnglishCBC NewsLadefoged, PeterMaddieson, IanThe Sounds of the World's LanguagesWayback MachineArticulatory phoneticsCo-articulationInternational Phonetic AlphabetLabialBilabialLabiodentalCoronalLinguolabialInterdentalDentalDenti-alveolarAlveolarPostalveolarRetroflexApicalLaminalSubapicalDorsalAlveolo-palatalPalatalUvularLaryngealPharyngeal/epiglottalGlottalDouble articulationLabial–coronalLabial–alveolarLabial–retroflexLabial–palatalLabial–velarLabial–uvularCoronal–velarUvular–epiglottalPathologicalVelopharyngealBidentalMannerObstruentPlosiveAffricateFricativeSibilantSonorantApproximantSemivowelVibrantTap/flapLiquidRhoticLateralOcclusiveContinuantEgressiveEjectiveImplosivePulmonicPercussiveSecondary articulationLabializationRoundingPalatalizationLabio-palatalizationVelarizationUvularizationPharyngealizationGlottalizationNasalizationTongue shapeSulcal