Ickleton
Ickleton is a village and civil parish about 9 miles (14 km) south of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire, England.About 1.5 miles (2.4 km) southwest of the village near Valance Farm is a late Bronze Age bowl barrow, close to the supposed route of the pre-Roman Icknield Way.[2] South of the village on the side of Coploe Hill is a series of earth banks that may also be Bronze Age.About 700 yards (640 m) south of the parish church, just west of Frogge Street, is the site of a Roman villa.In 1135 Stephen became King of England and in 1141 he granted Ickleton to Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex.[2] In about 1150 Stephen and Maud granted Ickleton to Eupheme, second wife of Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford, as a wedding present.The steward of William I, Count of Boulogne had granted the land, and the Hundred Rolls of 1279 recorded that it covered about 100 acres (40 ha) and was tenanted by one Thomas the deacon.In 1305 Thomas relinquished his tenancy, and the Earl granted the estate to a Sir John Wollaston for the rest of the latter's life.When the Earl died in 1324 he left the estate to his granddaughter Elizabeth de Comyn, but it continued to be called the Valence manor.In 1344 Valence manor was bought jointly by John Illegh, who was rector of Icklingham, Suffolk and Thomas Keningham, a fellow of Michaelhouse, Cambridge.When Ickleton parish was inclosed in 1814 Trinity College was allotted 243 acres (98 ha), which was named Vallance Farm.[2] The present Vallance farm in Grange Road has a brick farmhouse built in about 1825 for Trinity College's tenant.Certainly Tilty Abbey held Hovells Manor by 1279, when the Hundred Rolls recorded that it covered 190 acres (77 ha).[11] Before 1213 the Cistercian Calder Abbey in Cumberland had received land and half a watermill at Ickleton from Richard de Luci.In 1302 Philip de Neville held 1⁄4 of a knight's fee at Ickleton, which by 1316 had passed to Sir John Limbury.In 1433 Elizabeth, Lady Swinburne (née Limbury) died and in 1456 her executor sold the manor with about 80 acres (32 ha) to Clare Hall, Cambridge.[13] In 1279 the heirs of a William de Beauchamp of Bedford held 30 acres (12 ha) at Ickleton of West Dereham Abbey (see above).The present house called Mowbrays in Church Street is a late 15th- or early 16th-century timber-framed, jettied,[14] gabled[5] building, which originally had a central hall and two cross-wings.[14] After 1538 the manors of Hovells, Caldress and Durhams, along with the estate of the former Ickleton Priory (see below) descended together, but legally remained separate entities.In 1600 Martin Heton, the new Bishop of Ely, surrendered the four manors to the Crown, which in 1602 sold them to a John Wood of nearby Hinxton, who had already been leasing the land.[2] In 1833 Wyndham left Ickleton Manor to his nephew Algernon Herbert, an Oxford scholar and antiquary who became a barrister of the Inner Temple.[2] By 1536 it held 714 acres (289 ha) of the cultivated land in the parish, but in that year the priory was suppressed in the Dissolution of the Monasteries and the last prioress was pensioned off by the Crown.[2] A charter issued under Henry III between 1222 and 1227 granted the prioress the right to hold at Ickleton a weekly market, an annual fair[2][15] and a court leet.The 1851 Census recorded 80 people meeting for evening worship led by a Primitive Methodist minister from Saffron Walden.Early documents record the number of tenants, households or adults rather than total population, so there are no precise figures until the 1801 Census.Robert Herbert, who inherited the Manor of Ickleton in 1855 and joined the colonial service, encouraged many of them to settle in Queensland, Australia.[2] Since then it has increased substantially, possibly encouraged by the arrival of the M11 motorway in 1979 and the electrification of the railway to Liverpool Street in 1987 (see Transport, below).[2] In 1845 the Eastern Counties Railway opened its extension from Newport (Essex) down the Cam Valley to Cambridge, Ely and beyond.The nearest station is across the river at Great Chesterford, about 1.6 miles (2.6 km) southeast of Ickleton village.In 1979 the M11 Motorway was extended from Stansted in Essex to Stump Cross, about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Ickleton on the Essex–Cambridgeshire boundary.
St Mary Magdalene parish churchCambridgeshire2011 CensusOS grid referenceDistrictSouth CambridgeshireShire countyRegionCountryEnglandSovereign statePost townSaffron WaldenPostcode districtDialling codePoliceAmbulanceEast of Englandcivil parishCambridgeRiver CamIcknield WayNeolithicBronze Agebowl barrowRoman villaRoman fortGreat ChesterfordDuxfordRomano-BritishAnglo-SaxontoponymOld EnglishWrattingEdgar the PeacefulEdward the ConfessorÆlfgar, Earl of MerciaNorman ConquestWilliam the ConquerorEustace II, Count of BoulogneHonourBoulogneDomesday BookStephen of BloisMatilda of Boulognejure uxorisGeoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essexthe CrownAubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of OxfordColne PrioryWilliam I, Count of BoulogneHenry IIMontmorillonHundred RollsAymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of PembrokeElizabeth de ComynRichard Talbot, 2nd Baron TalbotIcklinghamMichaelhouse, CambridgeReformationKing's Hall, CambridgeTrinity College, Cambridgeinclosedmanor housesolarscarucateCistercianTilty AbbeyfeudalTheobald Walter, 1st Baron ButlerArchbishop of CanterburyHubert WalterPremonstratensianWest Dereham AbbeyCalder AbbeyCumberlandwatermillRichard de LuciThomas de Multon, Lord de LuciThomas de Multon, 1st Baron Multon of GilslandRobert HerbertPremier of Queenslandmedieval hallpargettingde Nevilleknight's feeSheriffClare Hall, CambridgemessuageBedfordJohn de Mowbray, 4th Baron MowbrayThomasDuke of NorfolkJohn de Mowbray, 4th Duke of NorfolkElizabethfeoffeesyeomanjettiedQueenslandMartin HetonBishop of ElyHinxtonIrish peerHenry O'BrienEarl of ThomondPercy Wyndham-O'Brien, 1st Earl of ThomondGeorge Wyndham, 3rd Earl of EgremontPercy Charles WyndhamAlgernon HerbertOxfordantiquarybarristerInner TempleWilliam HerbertIckleton PrioryBenedictineMary MagdaleneDissolution of the MonasteriesprioressHenry IIIcourt leetHome SecretaryHenry BruceFairs Act 1871Middle Agesrectory