Hundred Years' War, 1415–1453
Initial English successes, notably at the Battle of Agincourt, coupled with divisions among the French ruling class, allowed Henry V to win the allegiance of large parts of France.Under the terms of the Treaty of Troyes of 1420, the English king married the French princess Catherine of Valois and was made regent of the kingdom and heir to the throne of France.Henry V and, after his death, his brother John, Duke of Bedford, brought the English to the height of their power in France, with a Plantagenet crowned in Paris.The second half of this phase of the war was dominated by forces loyal to the House of Valois, the French-born rivals of the Plantagenets who continued to claim the throne of France themselves.Beginning in 1429, French forces counterattacked, inspired by Joan of Arc, La Hire and the Count of Dunois, and aided by a reconciliation with the Dukes of Burgundy and Brittany, who had previously sided with the Plantagenets.In March, an English army under the command of the Earl of Salisbury had ambushed and destroyed a Franco-Scottish force at Fresnay 20 miles north of Le Mans.At the end of his life, Henry V's forces and allies controlled most of northern France, but other parts of the kingdom remained loyal to the Valois claimant, the Dauphin Charles.He personally led the crossing of the river, successfully assaulting a formidable enemy position, and in the resulting battle the Scots took very heavy losses.The following five years witnessed the peak of English power, extending from the Channel to the Loire, excluding only Orléans and Angers, and from Brittany in the west to Burgundy in the east.Although a number of other cities were opened to Charles in the march to Reims and after, Joan never managed to capture Paris, equally well defended as Orléans.At Bedford's death in 1435, the Burgundians deemed themselves excused from the English alliance, and signed the Treaty of Arras, restoring Paris to Charles VII.
Controlled by
Henry VI of England
Controlled by
Philip III of Burgundy
Controlled by
Charles VII of France
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Main battles
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Battle of Agincourt
, 1415
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Journey to
Chinon
, 1429
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March to Reims
, 1429
Hundred Years' WarSiege of OrléansMartial d'AuvergneFrancePale of CalaisKingdom of FranceArmagnac partyDuchy of BurgundyKingdom of ScotlandKingdom of EnglandPrincipality of WalesEnglish Kingdom of FranceCharles VICharles VIIJoan of ArcLouis, DauphinArthur de RichemontJean de DunoisLa HireJean de XaintraillesJean d'AlençonCharles de BourbonAmbroise de LoréJean de BrosseJean BureauGilbert de LafayetteGilles de RaisCharles d'AlbretJean Le MaingreCharles d'OrléansJohn StewartArchibald DouglasJohn of DarnleyPhilip the GoodHenry VHenry VIJohn of LancasterThomas MontaguJohn TalbotThomas of LancasterThomas BeaufortHumphrey of LancasterEdward of YorkRichard of YorkRichard BeauchampThomas de ScalesThomas RempstonWilliam de la PoleJohn BeaufortEdmund BeaufortJohn FastolfJean of LuxembourgHarfleurAgincourtValmont1st Caen2nd La RochelleBaugéCravantLa BrossinièreVerneuilSt. JamesMontargisOrléansHerringsJargeauMeung-sur-LoireBeaugencySaint-Pierre-le-MoûtierLa CharitéCompiègneGerberoySt. DenisCalaisPontoiseTartasDieppeNormandy campaign of 1449–1450Formigny2nd CaenFalaiseCherbourgGascon campaign of 1450–1453BlanquefortCastillon2nd BordeauxEdwardian phaseSecond War of Scottish IndependenceWar of the Breton SuccessionCastilian Civil WarWar of the Two PetersCaroline phaseDespenser's Crusade1383–1385 CrisisGlyndŵr rebellionArmagnac–Burgundian conflictAnglo-French Wars1116–11201159–12591173–11741202–12041213–12141215–12171242–12431294–13031337–14531337–13601369–13891496–15591496–14981512–15141522–15261542–15461557–15591562–15631627–16291666–16671689–18151689–16971702–17131744–17481746–17631754–17631778–17831793–18021803–1814