Heart murmur
[1] This occurs when turbulent blood flow creates a sound loud enough to hear with a stethoscope.[2][3] The major way health care providers examine the heart on physical exam is heart auscultation;[3] another clinical technique is palpation, which can detect by touch when such turbulence causes the vibrations called cardiac thrill.Murmurs are of various types and are important in the detection of cardiac and valvular pathologies (i.e. can be a sign of heart diseases or defects).These include timing, shape, location, radiation, intensity, pitch and quality.But, one may hear a systolic ejection click after S1 in calcified bicuspid aortic valves.This finding results from an increased venous return to the right side of the heart.Pulmonary hypertension will increase the murmur intensity and may present with cyanosis.Mitral stenosis presents as a diastolic low-pitched decrescendo murmur.Tricuspid valve stenosis presents as a diastolic decrescendo murmur.Pulmonary valve regurgitation presents as a diastolic decrescendo murmur.A palpable S2 in the second left intercostal space correlates with pulmonary hypertension due to mitral stenosis.Acute severe aortic regurgitation may present with a three phase murmur.In severe aortic regurgitation the jet vibrates the anterior mitral valve leaflet.This is an uncommon cause of continuous murmur[19] One may hear it at the aortic area and along the left sternal border.A medical provider (e.g. doctor) may order tests for further evaluation of a heart murmur.[1] In some cases, the condition causing the heart murmur may prompt monitoring.
PhonocardiogramSpecialtyCardiologySymptomsInsufficiencyregurgitationstenosisheart soundsblood flowsheart valvestethoscopeauscultationpalpationcardiac examfunctional murmurphysiologicnarrowing of one or more valvesbackflow of bloodnormal variantssystolic heart murmursdiastolic heart murmurscontinuous murmursList of cardiology mnemonicsmitral valve prolapsemitral regurgitationsystolicdiastoliccontinuousintercostal spacedecubituspoint of maximal impulseLevine scaleInhalationpulmonary circulationejectionpulmonary valvesensitivityspecificitystandingafterloadpreloadsystemic vascular resistanceHandgrip maneuverValsalva maneuverectopicamyl nitriteMethoxaminemitral valveSystolic heart murmurAortic valve stenosisBicuspid aortic valveholosystolic murmurPulmonary valve stenosisTricuspid valve regurgitationHypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathyAtrial septal defectVentricular septal defectEisenmenger syndromepulmonary hypertensionFlow murmurDiastolic heart murmurAortic valve regurgitationWatson's water hammer pulsepulse pressureMitral stenosisTricuspid valve stenosisright heart failurePulmonary valve regurgitationPatent ductus arteriosusSevere coarctation of the aortaAcute severe aortic regurgitationAustin Flint murmurGibson murmurTurner's Syndromegonadal dysgenesispatent foramen ovaleforamen ovaleechocardiogramDorland's Medical DictionaryDiseasesDBMedlinePlusSigns and symptomscirculatory systemChest painReferred painAnginaLevine's signSplit S2Gallop rhythmStill's murmurPulmonary insufficiencyGraham Steell murmurCarey Coombs murmurMitral insufficiencyPresystolic murmurPericardial friction rubHeart clickcarotidTachycardiaBradycardiaPulsus paradoxusPulsus bisferiensPulsus bigeminusPulsus alternansPalpitationsApex beatCœur en sabotJugular venous pressureCannon A wavesHyperaemiaCardiogenicObstructiveHypovolemicDistributiveCardiovascular diseaseAortic insufficiencyCollapsing pulseDe Musset's signDuroziez's signMüller's signMayne's signendocardiumendocarditisRoth's spotJaneway lesionOsler's node