Granzyme

[7] Extracellular granzyme B has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis,[8] aneurysm,[9][10] vascular leakage,[11] chronic wound healing,[10][12] and skin aging.In the paper they discussed how they purified, characterized and discovered a variety of granzymes found within cytolytic granules that were carried by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.[15] When granzymes are in an extracellular state they have the ability to activate macrophages and mast cells to initiate the inflammatory response.[15] Cullen further states in his paper that granzymes may have a role in immunomodulation, or the job of maintaining homeostasis in the immune system during an infection.[15] This syndrome can lead to death because both T cells and macrophages multiply to fight the pathogen, resulting in harmful levels of proinflammatory cytokines.Test on mice have shown that granzyme A and B might not have a direct link to controlling viral infections, but helping accelerate the immune systems response.Studies have shown that the immune system even has the ability to prevent precancerous cells from growing and arbitrate the regression of established tumors.Although a tumor may be in its beginning stage and very weak, it may be giving off chemicals that inhibit the function of the immune system allowing it to grow and become harmful.
serine proteasesgranulescytotoxic T cellsnatural killerprogrammed cell deathcancerousvirusesbacteriaperforinendosomesneutrophil elastasecathepsin GGranzyme Bcaspasescaspase-3caspase-activated DNasecytochrome ccaspase-9apoptosomeinhibitor of apoptosisJürg TschoppWestern Blotflow cytometryELISPOTgranzyme Apro-inflammatorysynovial fluidgranzyme KGranzyme HimmunomodulationTrapaniimmune surveillanceTGF-βlymphomaBibcodeTrapani JAEndopeptidasesserine proteases/serine endopeptidasesDigestive enzymesEnteropeptidaseTrypsinChymotrypsinElastaseNeutrophilPancreaticCoagulationThrombinFactor VIIaFactor IXaFactor XaFactor XIaFactor XIIaKallikreinfibrinolysisPlasminPlasminogen activatorTissue plasminogen activatorUrinary plasminogen activatorComplement systemFactor BFactor DFactor IC3-convertaseimmune systemChymaseTryptaseProteinase 3/MyeloblastinVenombinAncrodBatroxobinAcrosinProlyl endopeptidasePronaseProprotein convertasesProstasinReelinSubtilisinSedolisinStreptokinaseCathepsinEnzymesActive siteBinding siteCatalytic triadOxyanion holeEnzyme promiscuityDiffusion-limited enzymeCofactorEnzyme catalysisAllosteric regulationCooperativityEnzyme inhibitorEnzyme activatorEC numberEnzyme superfamilyEnzyme familyList of enzymesEnzyme kineticsEadie–Hofstee diagramHanes–Woolf plotLineweaver–Burk plotMichaelis–Menten kineticsOxidoreductasesTransferasesHydrolasesLyasesIsomerasesLigasesTranslocases