Fraternity
[1][2][3][4][5] Fraternity in the Western concept developed in the Christian context, notably with the religious orders in the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages.[11][12] Today, connotations of fraternities vary according to context including companionships and brotherhoods dedicated to the religious, intellectual, academic, physical, or social pursuits of its members.The background of the modern world of fraternities can be traced back to the confraternities in the Middle Ages, which were formed as lay organisations affiliated with the Catholic Church.The development of modern fraternal orders was especially dynamic in the United States, where the freedom to associate outside governmental regulation is expressly sanctioned in law.Fraternities can be organized for many purposes, including university education, work skills, ethics, ethnicity, religion, politics, charity, chivalry, other standards of personal conduct, asceticism, service, performing arts, family command of territory, and even crime.In Living the Enlightenment, Margaret C. Jacobs showed that the development of Jurgen Habermas's "public space" in 17th-century Netherlands was closely related to the establishment of lodges of Freemasons.[clarification needed] In London and other major cities, some Guilds (like the Freemasons and the Odd Fellows) survived by adapting their roles to a social support function.Eventually, these groups evolved in the early 18th century into more philosophical organizations focused on brotherly love and ethical living, with some elements inspired by organisations such as chivalric orders.[22] In Europe, students were organized in nations and corporations since the beginnings of the modern university in the late medieval period, but the situation can differ greatly by country.[23] As fraternities grew larger they outpaced the capacity of volunteer management and began to employ staff, eventually requiring an administrative office.[22] Prior to the formation of the NIC, NPC and other associations, whole chapters or schismatic groups of members would occasionally break away to form new fraternities as an offshoot of a former national.Parallel to the nations, both Uppsala and Lund play host to a large number of university-related secret societies, for both students and older academics.
Fraternity (disambiguation)FreemasonsWest Germanybrotherorganizationsocietyfraternal orderreligioussecularWesternChristianreligious ordersCatholic ChurchMiddle Agesconfraternitiesguildsfraternal ordersRosicrucian Society of EnglandOdd Fellowsgentlemen's clubsstudent fraternitiessecret societystudent societiessororitiesNorth Americagrand lodgesBlessedGerard Thomlay brotherBenedictine orderOrder of Saint John of JerusalemFirst Crusadegoddess cultsGreek religionsMithraic Mysteriesancient Romelay organisationsThird Ordersmendicant ordersmilitary ordersCrusadesUnited StatesGolden age of fraternalismArthur M. SchlesingerAlexis de TocquevilleDemocracy in Americasecrecydress codesKrakówJózef PiłsudskicampusesKnights of LaborThe Syndics of the Drapers' GuildRembrandttrade unionsfriendly societiesinsurancewelfare stateuniversal health careSquare and CompassesFreemasonrychivalric ordersForestersBenevolent and Protective Order of ElksLoyal Order of MooseFraternal Order of EaglesPrince Hall FreemasonryGrand United Order of Odd Fellows in AmericaImproved Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the WorldIndependent Order of St. LukeStudent societyStudentenverbindungFraternities and sororitiesGerman Student Corpsacademic fencingnationsKappa Alpha SocietyUnion CollegeSigma PhiDelta PhiUnion TriadAlpha Delta Picharter or warrantStanford UniversityColby CollegeAmherst CollegeCollege of WoosterHarvard Universitysub rosaincidentshazingFlorida StatehuntingCorps Hubertia FreiburgCorps Palatia MunichCorps Rhenania HeidelbergCorps Bavaria MunichUppsalaPuerto RicoPhilippinesList of general fraternitiesList of social fraternitiesList of social sororities and women's fraternitiesProfessional fraternities and sororitiesService fraternities and sororitiesGentlemen's clubCountry clubDining clubLiterary societiesOrder of Franciscan Friars MinorSupper club1983 Code of Canon LawNational Panhellenic ConferenceNAACP v. Alabama ex rel. PattersonBaird's Manual of American College FraternitiesTheta Delta ChiList of social fraternities and sororitiesNBC NewsAndrew Coffey lawsuitWarner, GeraldSecret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries: Uncovering Mysterious Sites, Symbols, and SocietiesPhaleristicsAuxiliary science of historynumismaticsordersdecorations