Frances Willard
Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard (September 28, 1839 – February 17, 1898) was an American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist.Her influence continued in the next decades, as the Eighteenth (on Prohibition) and Nineteenth (on women's suffrage) Amendments to the United States Constitution were adopted.Willard developed the slogan "Do Everything" for the WCTU and encouraged members to engage in a broad array of social reforms by lobbying, petitioning, preaching, publishing, and education.She also advocated for prison reform, scientific temperance instruction, Christian socialism, and the global expansion of women's rights.In 1874, Willard participated in the founding convention of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) where she was elected the first Corresponding Secretary.[15] The "Home Protection" argument was used to garner the support of the "average woman," who was told to be suspicious of female suffragists by the patriarchal press, religious authorities, and society as a whole."[17] The goal of the suffrage movement for Willard was to construct an "ideal of womanhood" that allowed women to fulfill their potential as the companions and counselors of men, as opposed to the "incumbrance and toy of man.She claimed that natural and divine laws called for equality in the American household, with the mother and father sharing leadership.[18] She collaborated closely with Lady Isabel Somerset, president of the British Women's Temperance Association, whom she visited several times in the United Kingdom.[19] The convention was brought a set of principles that was drafted in Chicago, Illinois, by her and twenty-eight of the United States' leading reformers, whom had assembled at her invitation.[20] In 1898, Willard died quietly in her sleep[21] at the Empire Hotel in New York City after contracting influenza while she was preparing to set sail for England and France.The image succinctly portrayed one argument for female enfranchisement: without the right to vote, the educated, respectable woman was equated with the other outcasts of society to whom the franchise was denied.[24] After her death, Willard was the first woman included among America's greatest leaders in Statuary Hall in the United States Capitol.[44] It is difficult to redefine Willard's 19th-century life in terms of the culture and norms of later centuries, but some scholars describe her inclinations and actions as aligned with same-sex emotional alliance (what historian Judith M. Bennett calls "lesbian-like").She recounted a time when Willard had visited the South and blamed the failure of the temperance movement there on the population: "The colored race multiplies like the locusts of Egypt," and "the grog shop is its center of power....[54] In her pamphlets Southern Horrors and The Red Record, Wells linked rhetoric portraying white women as symbols of innocence and purity that black men could not resist, as facilitating lynchings.Under Willard's presidency, the national WCTU maintained a policy of "states rights" which allowed southern charters to be more conservative than their northern counterparts regarding questions of race and the role of women in politics.
1940 issue
Frances Willard MundsFrances Willard (magician)Churchville, New YorkNew York CityNorthwestern UniversityWoman's Christian Temperance UnionWorld's Woman's Christian Temperance UnionNational Council of Women of the United StatesAmericantemperancewomen's suffragistEighteenthNineteenthUnited States Constitutionage of consenteight-hour work dayChristian socialismJosiah Flint WillardMary Thompson Hill WillardChurchvilleRochester, New YorkFrances (Fanny) BurneyFrances OsgoodOberlin, OhioOberlin CollegeJanesville, WisconsinCongregationalistsMethodistsMilwaukee Normal InstituteEvanston, IllinoisGarrett Biblical InstitutepreceptressGenesee Wesleyan SeminarySyracuse UniversityCharles Henry Fowlertemperance movementThe Union SignalElizabeth Boynton HarbertFrances ConantMary Crowell Van BenschotenIllinois Woman's Press AssociationAnna Adams GordonVarina DavisJefferson DavisLucy HayesRutherford B. HayesSallie F. ChapinJohn Reaganfeminist interpretation of ScripturePolyglot PetitionMay Wright SewallWashington, DCLady Isabel SomersetBritish Women's Temperance AssociationSt. LouisPeople's (or Populist) PartyIllinoisFabian SocietyChristian socialistinfluenzaEnglandFranceRosehill CemeteryEvanstonFrances Willard HouseNational Historic LandmarkWillard statueNational Statuary HallChicago Columbian ExpositionStatuary HallUnited States CapitolHer statueHelen Farnsworth MearsFrances Elizabeth WillardLorado TaftIndiana StatehouseIndianapolis, IndianaKingston, OntarioprotagonistsBicycle MadnessNational Women's Hall of FameTemperance TempleAdelaide, South AustraliaSouth AustralianPasadena, CaliforniaNorfolk, VirginiaWillard Residential CollegeFrances E. Willard SchoolPhiladelphiaNational Register of Historic PlacesFrances Willard SchoolhouseWillard Middle SchoolBerkeley, CaliforniaChico, CaliforniaAnnie BidwellBidwell MansionAustinIda B. Wellslynching in the United Stateslocusts of EgyptA Woman of the CenturyWikisourceList of civil rights leadersList of suffragists and suffragettesList of women's rights activistsTimeline of women's suffrageDescendants of Simon WillardUniversity of North Carolina PressWillard, Frances ElizabethWoman's Temperance Publishing Associationpublic domainNewspapers.comKraditor, Aileen S.Library of CongressGordon, Elizabeth PutnamNational Park ServiceMacmillan PublishersColumbia University PressFaderman, LillianHoughton MifflinTemple University PressUniversity of Chicago PressHarperCollinsRich, AdrienneModern LibraryGordon, Anna Adams