[5] References to middle schools in publications of the UK Government date back to 1856, and the educational reports of William Henry Hadow mention the concept.[7][6] The first middle school in England was introduced in 1968, in the Hemsworth division of the West Riding of Yorkshire.[11] In 2006, it was reported that Central Bedfordshire, Northumberland and the Isle of Wight were the only LEAs still exclusively using the three-tier system.[12] Multiple reasons have been suggested by sources for this reversion to a two-tier system, including: a lack of clear identity, with the Department for Education and Science labelling them as either primary or secondary;[7] a lack of teachers trained to teach in middle schools;[13] and increased autonomy being given to schools, with upper and lower schools choosing to expand their age ranges.[2] The introduction of the National Curriculum has also been cited, as the middle school system led to children changing schools partway through one of its Key Stages; the National Curriculum was cited by David Ward, then the councillor in Bradford responsible for education, as a reason for abolishing the system there,[14] and local authority officials in Wiltshire, when closing the remaining middle schools in 2002, argued specifically that the mid-Key-Stage school change caused children to be disadvantaged.
Diagram of paths through the school system in England. The three-tier systems are in blue and mauve.