Expatriation Act of 1868

Other countries, however, did not recognise this position; indeed, the British Royal Navy's impressment of American sailors was one of the casus belli provoking the U.S. to join the War of 1812.In the 1860s, France as well as various German and Scandinavian states attempted to conscript their natives who had become U.S. citizens when they went back to their homelands for short visits.[1] The problem was illustrated more acutely the following year when Britain charged naturalized Americans John Warren and Augustine Costello of the Fenian Brotherhood under the Treason Felony Act 1848.[1][8] Johnson used this example to illustrate the urgency of the problem in his Third Annual Message in December 1867, stating that it "perplexes the public mind concerning the rights of naturalized citizens and impairs the national authority abroad".[11] The attitude towards emigration and loss of citizenship expressed in the Expatriation Act of 1868 was echoed by the contemporaneous Burlingame Treaty between the United States and China's Qing dynasty, which stated that both signatory parties recognized "the inherent and inalienable right of man to change his home and allegiance, and also the mutual advantage of ... free migration and emigration ... for purposes of curiosity, of trade, or as permanent residents".[18] However, the Expatriation Act of 1907 and subsequent legislation would thenceforth broaden the number of actions which, if undertaken voluntarily, would be considered by the U.S. government to prove the intent to lose U.S.Associate Justice Hugo Black's majority opinion extensively discussed the Expatriation Act of 1868, including the history of proposed amendments to it.
Frederick E. Woodbridge was a major proponent of the Expatriation Act of 1868
Expatriation Act of 1907Enemy Expatriation Act40th United States CongressStatutes at LargeWikisourceFrederick E. WoodbridgeUnited States nationality lawexpatriationright to renounce one's citizenshipcommon lawRev. Stat.8 U.S.C.Thomas JeffersonTreasury SecretaryAlbert GallatinRoyal Navyimpressmentcasus belliWar of 1812Ottoman EmpireAndrew JohnsonFenian BrotherhoodTreason Felony Act 1848House Committee on Foreign AffairsNathaniel P. BanksSenate Committee on Foreign RelationsFourteenth Amendmentbirthright citizenshipBurlingame TreatyQing dynastyBancroft TreatiesEnrollment Act of 1865draft evasiondesertionGeorge Henry WilliamsdenaturalizationThomas F. BayardFrench who joined the American RevolutionSupreme CourtItalian citizenshipHarold Hitz BurtonCourt of Appeals for the DC CircuitDepartment of StateUnited States passportDavid L. BazelonHenry White EdgertonAfroyim v. Rusknatural-bornHugo BlackLong titleKent v. DullesYoo, John C.Foreign Affairs ManualUnited States Department of State