Exascale computing

[8] As of November 2024[update], Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's El Capitan is the world's fastest exascale supercomputer.Supercomputers had also previously broken the 1 exaFLOPS barrier using alternative precision measures; again these do not meet the criteria for exascale computing using the standard metric.[13] Developing data-intensive applications over exascale platforms requires the availability of new and effective programming paradigms and runtime systems.[19] Although exascale computing was not achieved by 2018, in the same year the Summit OLCF-4 supercomputer performed 1.8×1018 calculations per second using an alternative metric whilst analysing genomic information.[citation needed] The exaFLOPS barrier was first broken in March 2020 by the distributed computing network Folding@home coronavirus research project.[27] In January 2012, Intel purchased the InfiniBand product line from QLogic for US$125 million in order to fulfill its promise of developing exascale technology by 2018.[33] On 18 March 2019, the United States Department of Energy and Intel announced the first exaFLOPS supercomputer would be operational at Argonne National Laboratory by late 2022.[34][35] On 7 May 2019, the U.S. Department of Energy announced a contract with Cray (now Hewlett Packard Enterprise) to build the Frontier supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.[37] On 4 March 2020, the U.S. Department of Energy announced a contract with Hewlett Packard Enterprise and AMD to build the El Capitan supercomputer at a cost of US$600 million, to be installed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL).In June 2024, Argonne National Laboratory's Aurora became the country's second exascale computer, followed five months later by El Capitan becoming operational.In Japan, in 2013, the RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science began planning an exascale system for 2020, intended to consume less than 30 megawatts.It will be funded by EPSRC under the Software for the Future II programme, and the project will partner with the Numerical Analysis Group (NAG), Cluster Vision and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC).
HPE Frontier at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility is the world's first exascale supercomputer.
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