European immigration to Brazil

[3] From 1824, immigrants from Central Europe started to populate what is nowadays the region of São Leopoldo, in the province of Rio Grande do Sul.[5] Portuguese immigrants generally were sought after for the cities as they were established in commerce and peddling; others, particularly the Germans, were brought to settle in rural communities as small landowners.[6] 1872 to 1903, almost two million immigrants arrived, at a rate of 71,000 per year[7] By the beginning of the 1870s, the alternative of the interprovincial slave trade was exhausted, while the demand for workforce in the coffee plantations continued to expand.Thus the paulista oligarchy sought to attract new workers from abroad, by passing provincial legislation and pressuring the Brazilian government to organise immigration.[8][9] Tensions arose between the governmental bureaucracy, that was concerned in populating the country with immigrants deemed easily adaptable to Brazilian culture and compatible with the racial prejudices of the time, and the coffee planters, eager for cheap labour force of whatever origin; government concerns predominated while Italian and Spanish immigration was sufficient to meet the demand, but as early as 1892 pressure from the planters forced the government to abandon restrictions against Asian immigrants, although a serious crisis in the coffee culture by the end of the century postponed any practical initiatives concerning this until 1908.In consequence of the Prinetti Decree of 1902, that forbade subsidised emigration to Brazil, Italian immigration had, at this stage, a drastic reduction: their average annual entries from 1887 to 1903 was 58,000.[5] With the radicalisation of the political situation in Europe, the end of the demographic crisis, the decadence of coffee culture, the Revolution of 1930 and the consequent rise of a nationalist government, immigration to Brazil was significantly reduced.As Wilson do Nascimento Barbosa puts it, Slavery was abolished by law (Lei Áurea, signed by Regent Princess Isabel) on 13 May 1888.
Polish house in Paraná .
European immigrants working in a coffee plantation in the State of São Paulo .
Italian immigrants in the Hospedaria dos Imigrantes , in São Paulo .
" Slavery in Brazil ," by Debret .
Group of Italians arriving in São Paulo.
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