Euphorbiaceae
This is usually a small, cup-like involucre consisting of fused-together bracts and peripheral nectary glands, surrounding a ring of male flowers, each a single stamen.The family contains a large variety of phytotoxins (toxic substances produced by plants), including diterpene esters, alkaloids, and cyanogenic glycosides (e.g. root tubers of cassava).Twenty first century molecular studies have shown that the enigmatic family Rafflesiaceae, which was only recently recognized to belong to order Malpighiales, is derived from within the Euphorbiaceae.[10] Amongst the oldest fossils of the group include the permineralised fruit Euphorbiotheca deccanensis from the Intertrappean Beds of India, dating to the late Maastrichtian at the end of the Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago.[11] Some species of Euphorbiaceae have economic significance, such as cassava (Manihot esculenta), castor oil plant (Ricinus communis), Barbados nut (Jatropha curcas), and the Pará rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis).Euphol also exhibited antitumoral and antiangiogenic activity in vivo, using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, with synergistic temozolomide interactions in most cell lines.
PreꞒcandlenut treeScientific classificationPlantaeTracheophytesAngiospermsEudicotsRosidsMalpighialesAcalyphoideaeCrotonoideaeEuphorbioideaeEuphorbia characiasflowering plantsthe type genus of the familyEuphorbia paraliastropicsshrubsHevea brasiliensisEuphorbia canariensissucculentconvergent evolutioncosmopolitan global distributionAntarcticaCyathialeavesstipulespalmatepinnatespinesmonoeciousdioeciousflowersstamenshypogynousovariesEuphorbieaeEuphorbiapseudanthiumcyathiuminvolucrepistilstigmasschizocarpphytotoxinsditerpeneestersalkaloidscassavacastor oilRicinus communiscarbohydrate-binding proteinpoisonousExcoecaria agallochalaxativeRafflesiaceaeopen pollinatedself-incompatibilityherbaceousChamaesyceManihotList of Euphorbiaceae generapermineralisedIntertrappean BedsMaastrichtianRicinusJatropha curcasornamental plantsEuphorbia pulcherrimagarden crotonEuphorbia esulaChinese tallowinvasivetraditional medicinerigorous clinical evidenceEuphorbia tirucalliFood and Drug AdministrationPhytochemicalsditerpenoidsterpenoidsflavonoidstanninsoleandercycloartenoltaraxerolBibcodeHeidelbergSpringerCiteSeerXWayback MachineAPG IVBasalangiospermsAmborellalesAmborellaceaeNymphaealesHydatellaceaeCabombaceaeNymphaeaceaeAustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyaceaeTrimeniaceaeSchisandraceaeMesangiospermaeMagnoliidaeCanellalesCanellaceaeWinteraceaePiperalesAristolochiaceaeSaururaceaePiperaceaeMagnolialesMyristicaceaeMagnoliaceaeDegeneriaceaeHimantandraceaeEupomatiaceaeAnnonaceaeLauralesCalycanthaceaeSiparunaceaeGomortegaceaeAtherospermataceaeHernandiaceaeMonimiaceaeLauraceae