Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India
[16] In 2014, the percentage of localized input/value addition in televisions was approximately 25–30% due to the importation of panels, semiconductors, and glass required for the production of LCD/LED TVs.[19] Airport navigation aids are presently produced worldwide by Thales Reliance Defence Systems, a joint venture electronics company of Thales Group, while Bharat Electronics-Thales Systems, based in Bangalore, produces high-tech items like low-band receivers for the Dassault Rafale's electronic warfare suite.[20] On 18 January 2024, Grupo Antolin inaugurated a new production plant in Chakan for electronics, Human-Machine Interface systems, and advanced lighting.[21] Lenovo intends to increase its manufacturing and is considering producing servers in India in order to benefit from the production-linked incentive (PLI) program for IT hardware.[32] During their results call for the December quarter in 2023, Indian companies such as Havells, Dixon Technologies, Voltas, and Blue Star stated that they are building a foundation for exports to industrialized nations such as the US and those in Europe.[34] Limited amounts of semiconductor chips packaged at Tata Electronics' Bengaluru R&D Center are now being exported to partners in the US, Europe, and Japan.[35] For the US and European markets, Foxconn and Padget Electronics will produce the pro and base versions of the Pixel smartphone, respectively, along with other Google devices.The primary organization for creating the general strategy, SOPs, and guidelines for new businesses and other private sector enterprises engaged in those fields would be the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC).[55] In January 2015, the Spice Global signed an MoU to set up a mobile phone manufacturing unit in Uttar Pradesh with an investment of ₹5 billion (US$58 million).In addition to mobile phones, Samsung's factories in Noida and Sriperumbudur produce appliances and consumer electronics such as refrigerators, LED televisions, washing machines, and split air conditioners.[61] In February 2015, Xiaomi began initial talks with the Andhra Pradesh government to begin manufacturing smartphones at a Foxconn-run facility in Sri City.[66] In December 2015, Micromax announced that it would set up three new manufacturing units in the Indian states of Rajasthan, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh at a cost of ₹3 billion (US$35 million).[72][73] Chennai-based Munoth Industries has partnered with China's Better Power for technological support as it aims to set up India's first Lithium-ion cell manufacturing plant in Tirupati in three phases by 2022 with an investment of ₹799 crores.The state government of Andhra Pradesh also will provide fiscal and operational incentives, including subsidies on taxes and power costs.[74] Together, MEL Systems and Services, Syrma SGS, O/E/N India, Sahasra Group, and Deki Electronics launched a new company called Awesense Five in February 2024.Its goal is to develop and produce industrial sensors in India, reducing reliance on imports and capturing the ₹7,000 crore domestic market, which includes the defence sector.[76] With the newly heralded era of the Internet of Things (IoT)[77][78][79] dictating that the new generation of interconnected devices be capable of smart-computing, the Indian semiconductor industry is set for a stable upsurge with bright prospects provided India's generic obstacles like redtape-ism, fund crunch and infrastructural deficits are adequately addressed.[83] The Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY), in line with Skill India[84] campaign has launched an ₹ 49 crore scheme for capacity building in ESDM.[87] The India Electronics & Semiconductor Association (IESA)[88] has announced a SPEED UP and SCALE-UP of its talent development initiative to be implemented through the Centre of Excellence with the Electronics Sector Skills Council of India (ESSCI) and an MoU with the Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) and the RV-VLSI Design Center to build human capital in the ESDM field.[90] IESA signed an MoU with Taiwan Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers' Association (TEEMA) to encourage co-operation in technology and knowledge transfer and investment commitment to the domestic ESDM sector that can benefit both Indian and Taiwanese companies.[95] Bangalore-based Indian company Navika Electronics has designed GNSS/GPS SoC (System on Chip) chipsets based on ARM core processors under its own brand name for portable applications like receiving/down conversion and amplification of GPS and Galileo signals.[96] The Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), IISc, Bengaluru, in collaboration with KAS Tech, a Bengaluru-based electronics manufacturing company, has developed 'Ocean', a highly integrated and portable chemical vapour depositor that can commercially produce various two dimensional materials including graphene, in an easy 'plug and grow' approach which can have various novel applications in the ESDM sector, for both academia and industry alike.[97] In what could be viewed as a breakthrough for the country's electric automobile programme as well as indigenous electronics manufacturing, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) together have developed and validated through tests, using ISRO's state of the art cell technology, a lithium-ion battery prototype for application in electric vehicles and looks forward to commercialising the technology through mass production by partnering with automotive companies.While the raw material for the batteries still has to be imported, the rest of the value chain can be synthesized domestically at a competitive cost, if the project clears all the barriers.The Fleet Management System tracks the position of vehicles and sends out notifications for a variety of situations, including reckless driving, overspeeding, ignition, idling, and stopping.This initiative coincides with the upcoming three-day Semicon India 2024 event, highlighting the state's commitment to advancing its capabilities in the semiconductor sector.[108] Critics and detractors of the fab projects currently underway in India, in different conceptual phases, doubt the prospects of success of these capital-intensive projects, pointing to various reasons like marginal profitability due to overcapacity of output in a saturated and fiercely competed fab market, noncompetence of these particular fabs in terms of cost and performance related to the dimensions of CMOS nodes even in attracting domestic end-use industries which have access to the more sophisticated fabs outside the country, cost prohibitive maintenance and upgrades needed every few years to weather obsolescence, nonavailability of domestically procurable semiconductor-grade materials in absence of complementing ancillary manufacturing industries and other resource-intensive strings attached to such projects, including land acquisition requirements, necessity uninterrupted deionised water and power supplies, supply of critical gases such as nitrogen and argon, absence of skilled labour force and drain of an already inadequate number of experienced domestic talent pool in electronic engineering and R&D possessing expertise to overcome the barriers of related sensitive technologies for mass production towards other attractive sectors in absence of a major Indian player in the electronics sector, especially in a developing country like India, which is still grappling with infrastructural bottlenecks.