The Edinburgh Encyclopædia is an encyclopaedia in 18 volumes, printed and published by William Blackwood and edited by David Brewster between 1808 and 1830.Some subjects, such as the polarization of light and electromagnetism, had not even been heard of when the project began, and yet the Encyclopedia had articles on them.Joseph Parker of Philadelphia and Whiting & Watson of New York City printed American editions, both in 1832.[citation needed] A list of major contributors, with indications of their articles, was published in 1830.[4] Other contributors – "Gentlemen Eminent in Science and Literature" – included Adam Anderson, Charles Babbage, Thomas Carlyle,[5] Robert Gordon, Robert Edmond Grant,[6] John Leslie,[7] Henry Liston, John Gibson Lockhart[5] and Thomas Telford.