Disruptive eye mask
The eye has a distinctive shape and dark coloration dictated by its function, and it is housed in the vulnerable head, making it a natural target for predators.Disruptive eye masks are seen on a variety of animals, both invertebrates such as grasshoppers and vertebrates, including fish, frogs, birds and snakes.Eye masks were first noticed by the American artist Abbott Handerson Thayer in 1909, and analysed extensively by the zoologist Hugh Cott in 1940.He found that fast-swimming species had longitudinal lines and long bodies; deep-bodied fish had vertical bars and the ability to turn abruptly.[12] In 2013, Karin Kjernsmo and Sami Merilaita showed using artificial prey and predatory fish (three-spined sticklebacks) that such eyespots diverted predators' attacks from the vulnerable head.
Gaboon vipercamouflagepredatorsdisruptive patternfalse eyeautomimicrygrasshoppersvertebratessnakesAbbott Handerson ThayerHugh CottTim Caroactive juvenile birdslittle ringed ploverConcealing-Coloration in the Animal KingdomploversAdaptive Coloration in Animalsswamp vipercoincident disruptive patternnuthatchwhimbrelringed ploverturnstonethat leave the nest earlymammalsgemsboksable antelopeGrant's gazellevizcachaJ. L. Cloudsley-Thompsonslender arboreal vine snakesPterophyllum scalareLepisosteus platostomuscommon frogriparianaposematismsocial signalsantipredator adaptationsbutterflyfisheyespothead is located therethree-spined sticklebacksElegant grass-mimicking grasshopperjack-knifefishspot-nape butterflyfishfour-eye butterflyfishtail-spot butterflyfishdisruptively patternedEurasian nuthatchMexican vine snakeCloudsley-Thompson, J. L.Caro, TimCott, Hugh B.Thayer, Abbott HandersonMethodsCountershadingActive camouflageCounter-illuminationDisruptive colorationCoincident disruptive colorationDistractive markingsMotion camouflageMulti-scale camouflageMulti-spectral camouflageSelf-decorationSnow camouflageUrban camouflageAs evidence for natural selectionCrypsisDecorator crabFlower mantisMimicryBatesianMüllerianAggressiveUnderwater camouflageEdward Bagnall PoultonThe Colours of AnimalsCamoufleursMary Taylor BrushLucien-Victor Guirand de ScévolaJohn Graham KerrNorman WilkinsonEverett WarnerLeon UnderwoodJohann Georg Otto SchickGeoffrey BarkasTimothy O'NeillRoy BehrensInnes CuthillThomas N. SherrattMartin StevensMilitaryMilitary camouflageAircraft camouflageCamouflage clothing in Trinidad and TobagoDazzle camouflageList of countries that prohibit camouflage clothingMiddle East Command Camouflage DirectorateShip camouflageUSN WWII camouflage measuresPatternsGermanWWIISplittertarnmusterPlatanenmusterRauchtarnmusterPalmenmusterSumpfmusterErbsenmusterLeibermusterCamouflage treeLozengeTelo mimeticoDenison smockFrog SkinGhillie suitLizardStrichtarnJigsawTiger stripeRhodesian BrushstrokeDisruptive Pattern Materialwz. 68 MoroSix-Color Desert Pattern (Chocolate Chip)U.S. "M81" WoodlandAustralian Disruptive Pattern