Cumulonimbus cloud

Cumulonimbus (from Latin cumulus 'swell' and nimbus 'cloud') is a dense, towering, vertical cloud,[1] typically forming from water vapor condensing in the lower troposphere that builds upward carried by powerful buoyant air currents.Above the lower portions of the cumulonimbus the water vapor becomes ice crystals, such as snow and graupel, the interaction of which can lead to hail and to lightning formation, respectively.Cumulonimbus clouds can also occur as dangerous winter storms called "thundersnow" which are associated with particularly intense snowfall rates and with blizzard conditions when accompanied by strong winds that further reduce visibility.Cumulonimbus are a notable hazard to aviation due most importantly to potent wind currents but also reduced visibility and lightning, as well as icing and hail if flying inside the cloud.Wind shear within and under a cumulonimbus is often intense with downbursts being responsible for many accidents in earlier decades before training and technological detection and nowcasting measures were implemented.
A view from space of a silhouette of a cumulonimbus in the afterglow of the troposphere at Earth's horizon, below the blue afterglow of the ozone layer at the lower stratosphere .
Pyrocumulonimbus with pileus
Aerial view of a cumulonimbus with pileus, flying over Brazil
Stages of a cumulonimbus cloud's life.
Transformation from a mature cumulus congestus cloud to a mature cumulonimbus incus
Thunderclouds (song)CalvusCapillatusPrecipitationsnow pelletsWeatherTemperate and polar seasonsWinterSpringSummerAutumnTropical seasonsDry seasonHarmattanWet seasonStormsArcus cloudDownburstMicroburstHeat burstDerechoLightningVolcanic lightningThunderstormAir-mass thunderstormThundersnowDry thunderstormMesocycloneSupercellTornadoAnticyclonic tornadoLandspoutWaterspoutDust devilFire whirlAnticycloneCyclonePolar lowExtratropical cycloneEuropean windstormNor'easterSubtropical cycloneTropical cycloneAtlantic hurricaneTyphoonStorm surgeDust stormSimoomHaboobMonsoonAmihanSiroccoFirestormWinter stormIce stormBlizzardGround blizzardSnow squallDrizzleFreezingGraupelMegacryometeorIce pelletsDiamond dustCloudburstRain and snow mixedSnow grainsSnow rollerTopicsAir pollutionAtmosphereChemistryConvectionPhysicsClimateSeasonCold waveHeat waveJet streamMeteorologySevere weatherExtremeCanadaUnited StatesWeather forecastingWeather modificationClimate changeTornado termsTropical cyclone termswater vaportropospherebuoyantice crystalsthunderstormssquall linestornadoescumulus congestus cloudsafterglowozone layerstratospherecumuluswind shearinversionequilibrium leveltropopauseovershooting topmaximum parcel levelCumulonimbus calvusCumulonimbus capillatusCumulonimbus flammagenituswildfiresvolcanic eruptionsoutflowPannusPileusmammatusfunnel cloudFlanking lineprecipitation shaftrain shaftCrown flashconvectiveflash floodingstraight-line windsdowndraftupdraftoutflowingvisibilitytropicalmiddle latitudeshazard to aviationturbulenceclear-air turbulencedownwinddownburstsdetectionnowcastingaccidentunstableair massList of cloud typesdew pointcondensation nucleiupliftwave cloudsactinoform cloudsAtmospheric convectionAtmospheric thermodynamicsConvective instabilityHot towerLifted condensation levelconvective condensation levellevel of free convectionfree convective layerWilliam RankinEwa WiśnierskaWorld Meteorological OrganizationOxford University PressThe Lyons PressNew Straits TimesNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationgeneraMesosphericNoctilucentStratosphericNacreous polar stratospheric clouds (PSC)Nitric acid and waterpolar stratospheric clouds (PSC)TroposphericCirrus (Ci)SpeciesCirrus castellanus (Ci cas)Cirrus fibratus (Ci fib)Cirrus floccus (Ci flo)Cirrus spissatus (Ci spa)Cirrus uncinus (Ci unc)Cirrus intortus (Ci in)Cirrus vertebratus (Ci ve)Cirrocumulus (Cc)Cirrocumulus castellanus (Cc cas)Cirrocumulus floccus (Cc flo)Cirrocumulus lenticularis (Cc len)Cirrocumulus stratiformis (Cc str)Cirrostratus (Cs)Cirrostratus fibratus (Cs fib)Cirrostratus nebulosus (Cs neb)Altocumulus (Ac)Altocumulus castellanus (Ac cas)Altocumulus floccus (Ac flo)Altocumulus lacunosus (Ac la)Altocumulus lenticularis (Ac len)Altocumulus stratiformis (Ac str)Altocumulus volutus (Ac vol)Altostratus (As)Altostratus undulatusNimbostratus (Ns)Nimbostratus virga (Ns vir)Cumulonimbus calvus (Cb cal)Cumulonimbus capillatus (Cb cap)Cumulonimbus incus (inc)Cumulonimbus murus ((mur)Cumulonimbus flumen ((Cb flu)Cumulus (Cu)FractusCumulus humilis (Cu hum)Cumulus mediocris (Cu med)Cumulus congestus (Cu con)Cumulus castellanus (unofficial alternative name for Cu con))HorseshoeTrade wind cumulusStratus (St)Stratus fractus (St fra)Stratus nebulosus (St neb)Stratus silvagenitus (St sil)Stratocumulus (Sc)Stratocumulus castellanus (Sc cas)Stratocumulus floccus (Sc flo)Stratocumulus lenticularis (Sc len)Stratocumulus stratiformis (Sc str)Stratocumulus UndulatusStratocumulus volutus (Sc vol)Arcus ((arc)Tuba ((tub)accessory cloudPileus (pil)Velum (vel)Pannus (pan)Actinoform cloudDuplicatus (du)Lacunosus (la)Opacus (op)Perlucidus (pe)Radiatus (ra)Translucidus (tr)Undulatus (un)Asperitas (asp)Cavum (cav)Fluctus (flu)Mamma (mam)Praecipitatio (pra)Virga (vir)Homogenitus (hogen)