Commercial law

Commercial law includes within its compass such titles as principal and agent; carriage by land and sea; merchant shipping; guarantee; marine, fire, life, and accident insurance; bills of exchange, negotiable instruments, contracts and partnership.It can also be understood to regulate corporate contracts, hiring practices, and the manufacture and sales of consumer goods.It ensures that businesses or other entities that engage in commerce adhere to set rules and guidelines, creating a fair and competitive commercial environment while providing legal remedies to resolve disputes.Around the 16th century, the trade of Italian maritime republics was the promoter of the birth of commercial law: the jurist Benvenuto Stracca, (Ancona, 1509–1579) published in 1553 the treatise De mercatura seu mercatore tractats; it was one of the first, if not the first, legal imprint dealing specifically with commercial law.For this reason, Stracca is often considered the father of commercial law and author of the first Italian treaty about the insurance contract, beyond about the commerce.
Corporate lawAnguillaAustraliaCanadaCayman IslandsSouth AfricaUnited StatesVietnamEuropean UnionFranceGermanyCompanyConglomerateCooperativeCorporationHolding companyJoint-stockPartnershipGeneralLimitedLimited liabilityPrivate limitedShell corporationShelf corporationSole proprietorshipCorporate formsby jurisdictionSocietas (SE)Societas cooperativa (SCE)Societas privata (SPE)Societas unius personae (SUP)Economic interest grouping (EEIG)Charitable incorporated organisation (England and Wales) (CIO)Scottish charitable incorporated organisation (SCIO)Community interest company (CIC)Industrial and provident society (IPS)Limited company (Ltd.)by guaranteeby sharesproprietarypublicUnlimited companyBenefit corporationC corporationLimited liability company (LLC)Low-profit LLCSeries LLCLimited liability limited partnership (LLLP)S corporationDelaware corporationstatutory trustMassachusetts business trustNevada corporationAktiebolag (AB)Aktiengesellschaft (AG)Ansvarlig selskap (ANS)Aktieselskab (A/S)Aksjeselskap (AS)Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH)Kabushiki gaisha (K.K.)Naamloze vennootschap (N.V.)Osakeyhtiö (Oy)Société à responsabilité limitée (SARL)more...Business judgment ruleCorporate governanceDe facto and estoppel corporationsInternal affairs doctrineTag-along rightDrag-along rightPiercing the corporate veilRochdale PrinciplesUltra viresBeneficial ownershipCivil procedureContractCorporate registersRegistered agentBusiness administrationAccountingManagement accountingFinancial accountingBusiness entityCorporate groupCorporation soleJoint-stock companyLimited liability companyPrivately held companyState-owned enterpriseAnnual general meetingBoard of directorsSupervisory boardAdvisory boardAudit committeeConstitutional documentsCorporate crimeCorporate liabilityInsolvency lawInternational trade lawMergers and acquisitionsCorporate titleChairmanChief business officerChief brand officerChief executive officerChief operating officerChief financial officerChief human resources officerChief information officerChief marketing officerChief product officerChief technology officerEconomicsCommodityPublic economicsLabour economicsDevelopment economicsInternational economicsMixed economyPlanned economyEconometricsEnvironmental economicsOpen economyMarket economyKnowledge economyMicroeconomicsMacroeconomicsEconomic developmentEconomic statisticsFinancial statementInsuranceFactoringCash conversion cycleInsider dealingCapital budgetingCommercial bankDerivativeFinancial statement analysisFinancial riskPublic financeCorporate financeManagerial financeInternational financeLiquidationStock marketFinancial marketFinancial institutionCapital managementVenture capitalBusiness intelligenceBusiness developmentCapacityCapabilityChangeinnovationCommercialMarketingCommunicationsConfigurationConflictContentCustomer relationshipDistributedEarned valueElectronic businessEnterprise resource planningmanagement information systemFinancialHuman resourcedevelopmentIncidentKnowledgeMaterialsNetworkadministratorOfficeOperationsservicesPerformanceProcessProduct life-cycleProductProjectPropertyQualityRecordsResourcecrisisSecurityServiceStrategicSupply chainSystemsTalentTechnologyArchitectureBehaviorCommunicationCultureEngineeringHierarchyPatternsStructureBusiness analysisBusiness ethicsBusiness planConsumer behaviourInternational businessBusiness modelInternational tradeTrade routeBusiness processBusiness statisticsjurisdictionpersonsbusinesscivil lawprivate lawpublic lawmerchant shippingguaranteenegotiable instrumentscontractsFinancial lawcorporatehiring practicesmanufactureconsumer goodscivil codesUnited States CongressadoptionUniform Commercial CodeDistrict of ColumbiaOccupational Safety and Health ActOutline of commercial lawbusinessesSole tradersCompetition lawConsumer lawAdvertisingContract lawGoods and servicesIntellectual property lawCopyright lawPatent lawTrademark lawCreditsecuritiesTax lawBanking regulationsinsurance lawBankruptcy LawE-commerceMiddle Agesmaritime republicsBenvenuto StraccaAnconabankruptcyHollandEnglandConsulate of the Seapublic domainChisholm, HughEncyclopædia BritannicaAdministrative lawConstitutional lawCriminal lawDoctrineEquityEvidenceInternational lawLaw of obligationsProcedureCriminalProperty lawPunishmentCorporalRestitution and unjust enrichmentStatutory lawAbortion lawAgricultural lawAviation lawAmnesty lawBanking lawConflict of lawsConstruction lawConsumer protectionCyberlawDrugs lawElection lawEnergy lawEntertainment lawEnvironmental lawFamily lawFinancial regulationHealth lawImmigration lawIntellectual propertyInternational criminal lawInternational human rightsInternational slavery lawsJurimetricsLabourLandlord–tenant lawLaw of warLegal archaeologyLegal fictionMaritime lawMarriage lawMilitary lawNationality lawProbateEstateWill and testamentProduct liabilityPublic international lawRefugee lawReparationsSpace lawSports lawState of emergencyTransport lawTrust lawUnenforced lawSources of lawCharterLegal codeConstitutionCustomDivine rightDivine lawHuman rightsLegitimacyLetters patentNatural lawNatural and legal rightsCase lawPrecedentLaw reportsLegal treatiseRegulationsLaw makingBallot measureCodificationDecreeExecutive orderProclamationLegislationDelegated legislationRegulationRulemakingPromulgationRatificationRepealTreatyConcordatStatuteAct of parliamentAct of CongressBasic structure doctrineLegal systemsCommon lawChinese lawLegal pluralismReligious lawCanon lawCatholic canon lawHindu lawJain lawJewish lawParsi lawShariaRoman lawByzantine lawSocialist lawAnarchistContract theoryComparative lawExpressive functionFeministLaw and economicsLegal formalismHistoryLibertarianInternational legal theoryPrinciple of legalityPrinciple of typicalityPseudolawRule of lawRule of manSociologyJurisprudenceAdjudicationAdministration of justiceConstitutionalismCriminal justiceCourt-martialDispute resolutionLawsuit/LitigationLegal opinionLegal remedyJustice of the peaceMagistrateJudgmentJudicial reviewJusticePractice of lawAttorneyBarristerCounselLawyerLegal representationProsecutorSolicitorQuestion of lawTrial advocacyTrier of factVerdictBarristers' chambersBureaucracyThe barThe benchCivil societyCourt of equityElection commissionExecutiveJudiciaryLaw enforcementAgencyLegal educationLaw schoolLegislatureMilitaryPolicePolitical partyTribunalHistory of the legal professionHistory of the American legal professionWomen in lawOutline