Chester v Afshar
Chester v Afshar [2004] UKHL 41 is an important English tort law case regarding causation in a medical negligence context.Miss Chester was referred to Dr Afshar, a neurological expert, about some lower back pain.It is a basic principle of good medical practice that adults should consent on a fully informed basis to surgery, aware of all risks.Lord Steyn argued that such a right "must be given effective protection whenever possible", warranting a "modest departure from traditional causation principles", emphasising his view by quoting Ronald Dworkin: The value of autonomy, on this view, derives from the capacity it protects: the capacity to express one's own character - values, commitments, convictions, and critical as well as experiential interests - in the life one leads.[2]Lord Bingham felt that even though Dr Afshar had been found not to have informed Miss Chester about the 1–2% risk of surgery failure, this did not mean that causation had been shown.