The area is first mentioned in 981, when Vladimir the Great took it during his expansion campaign to the west:[3] Cosmas of Prague (c. 1045 – 1125) relates that the Přemyslid rulers of Bohemia controlled the land of Kraków until 999.[6] In the 970s, it is assumed that Mieszko I of Poland took over the region: the Primary Chronicle infers this when reporting that Vladimir the Great conquered the Cherven Cities from the Lyakhs (an alternative archaic name for Poles[7][8]) in 981.Nestor writes in his chronicle that: "Vladimir marched upon the Lyakhs and took their cities: Peremyshl (Przemyśl), Cherven (Czermno), and other towns, all of which are subject to Rus' even to this day".The Rus'ian expedition against Poland (1030–1031) had as its object not only the recovery of territories previously lost in 1018; it also delivered a powerful blow against the Polish Metropolis of Slavonic rite.[citation needed] Around the year 1069, the region again returned to Poland, after Bolesław II the Generous retook the area and the city of Przemyśl, making it his temporary residence.
Poland (992–1025); area within dark red color represents the borders at the end of the rule of
Mieszko I
(992); dark red border comprises the area at the end of the reign of
Bolesław I
(1025)
Allgemeiner historischer Handatlas
(1886) depicting
Poland
in 1025 — Cherven (
Czerwensk
) region located in the lower-right corner