Dover has established a lead in the cross-Channel ferry routes through its geographic position and development of its facilities and hinterland.[citation needed] Longer routes are served from Le Havre, Caen, Cherbourg, Roscoff and St Malo.[citation needed] The ports are important commercial facilities, reinforcing connections between the British and European road systems.He was concerned by their use not only as German U-boat ports, but also as torpedo boat bases and even possible departure points for a cross-Channel attack.[4] During World War II, likewise, the Channel ports provided major supply routes which had to be reopened in 1944.