Celsius

In 1948, the International Committee for Weights and Measures[3] renamed it to honor Celsius and also to remove confusion with the term for one hundredth of a gradian in some languages.[5] In his paper Observations of two persistent degrees on a thermometer, he recounted his experiments showing that the melting point of ice is essentially unaffected by pressure.The BIPM's 10th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in 1954 defined one standard atmosphere to equal precisely 1,013,250 dynes per square centimeter (101.325 kPa).[12] His custom-made "Linnaeus-thermometer", for use in his greenhouses, was made by Daniel Ekström, Sweden's leading maker of scientific instruments at the time, whose workshop was located in the basement of the Stockholm observatory.The term centesimal degree was later introduced for temperatures[15] but was also problematic, as it means gradian (one hundredth of a right angle) in the French and Spanish languages.[16][a] While "Celsius" is commonly used in scientific work, "centigrade" is still used in French and English-speaking countries, especially in informal contexts.[30] In science and in engineering, the Celsius and Kelvin scales are often used in combination in close contexts, e.g. "a measured value was 0.01023 °C with an uncertainty of 70 μK".The melting and boiling points of water are no longer part of the definition of the Celsius temperature scale.When adhering strictly to the two-point definition for calibration, the boiling point of VSMOW under one standard atmosphere of pressure was actually 373.1339 K (99.9839 °C).[33] This boiling-point difference of 16.1 millikelvins between the Celsius temperature scale's original definition and the previous one (based on absolute zero and the triple point) has little practical meaning in common daily applications because water's boiling point is very sensitive to variations in barometric pressure.

Anders Celsius 's original thermometer used a reversed scale, with 100 as the freezing point and 0 as the boiling point of water.

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