[1] At the age of 22, Underwood entered politics by running as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates, winning six terms from 1944 to 1956.Following the lead of Governor William C. Marland, the Democrat who preceded him in office, Underwood continued the desegregation of West Virginia schools without violent confrontation at all levels and was a supporter of civil rights legislation.He later advocated an organized civil service and retirement pension system, and provided temporary employment relief for low-income families.[11] Because West Virginia's constitution prohibited governors from serving consecutive terms at that time, Underwood ran for the United States Senate in 1960, but was defeated by incumbent Democrat Jennings Randolph.[1] During the 1960s, he was named temporary chairman of the Republican National Convention and was once considered for the office of Vice President under Richard Nixon.[1] In early 2008, Underwood suffered a major stroke and lost the ability to formulate speech; he later had a severe blood infection.On November 23, Underwood was admitted to the Charleston Area Medical Center's Memorial Hospital with chest congestion and doctors found some slight bleeding in the brain.