Paubrasilia

[3] The Latin specific epithet of echinata refers to hedgehog, from echinus, and describes the thorns which cover all parts of the tree (including the fruits).[11] When Portuguese explorers found Paubrasilia on the coast of South America, they recognised it as a relative of an Asian species of sappanwood already used in Europe for producing red dye.In the bow-making business, it is usual to refer to some species other than Paubrasilia echinata as "brazilwood"; examples include pink ipê (Handroanthus impetiginosus), Massaranduba (Manilkara bidentata) and palo brasil (Haematoxylum brasiletto).The brazilwood tree may reach up to 15 metres (49 ft) in height, and the dark brown bark flakes in large patches, revealing the lustrous blood-red sapwood underneath.A related wood, sappanwood, coming from Asia was traded in powder form and used as a red dye in the manufacture of luxury textiles, such as velvet, in high demand during the Renaissance.The rich commerce which soon followed stimulated other nations to try to harvest and smuggle brazilwood contraband out of Brazil, and corsairs to attack loaded Portuguese ships in order to steal their cargo.
Map of the Number of Logs of Brazilwood Discovered in the Captaincy of Ilhéus.
An illustration of the tree leaves and flowers.
A cello bow
Brazil nutFlorianópolisConservation statusEndangeredIUCN 2.3Scientific classificationPlantaeTracheophytesAngiospermsEudicotsRosidsFabalesFabaceaeBinomial nameSynonymsflowering plantendemicAtlantic ForestPortuguesenational treeBrazilheartwoodbrazilinCaesalpiniascientific nameJean-Baptiste Lamarckspecific epithethedgehogname of BrazilsappanwoodBiancaea sappanHaematoxylum brasilettoPernambucoHandroanthus impetiginosusManilkara bidentatared dyetextilesvelvetRenaissancefellingmonopolycommercecontrabandcorsairsNicolas Durand de VillegaignonBrittanyRio de JaneiroFrance AntarctiqueFlora BrasiliensisCarl Friedrich Philipp von Martiusextirpatedofficial list of endangered flora of Brazilcarbon fiberclimax communitysecondary forestlandscapingSão PauloRio de Janeiro Botanical GardenQuinta da Boa VistaARKiveIUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesHuber-Sannwald, ElisabethGermplasm Resources Information NetworkAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureNavarro, Eduardo de AlmeidaDicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do BrasilRoyal Botanic GardensWikisource1911 Encyclopædia BritannicaWikidataWikispeciesOpen Tree of LifeTropicosiNaturalistSpecies+Plant List