Bergamot essential oil

[4] Historically, bergamot essential oil was an ingredient in Eau de Cologne, a perfume originally concocted by Johann Maria Farina at the beginning of the 18th century.In 1925, Rosenthal coined the term "Berloque dermatitis"[19] (from the French word "breloque" meaning trinket or charm) to describe the pendant-like streaks of pigmentation observed on the neck, face, and arms of patients.[20][21] He was unaware that, in 1916, Freund had correctly observed that these pigmentation effects were due to sun exposure after the use of Eau de Cologne, a perfume infused with bergamot oil.In one case, six drops of bergamot aromatherapy oil in a bath followed by 20–30 minutes exposure of ultraviolet light from a tanning bed caused a severe burn-like reaction.[25] When bergamot essential oil is applied directly to the skin via a patch test, followed by exposure to ultraviolet light, a concentration-dependent phototoxic effect is observed.[5] Although generally recognized as safe for human consumption, bergamot essential oil contains a significant amount of bergamottin, one of two furanocoumarins believed to be responsible for a number of grapefruit–drug interactions.
Bergamot essential oil
Bergamot fruits harvested for the production of essential oil
The Macchina calabrese peeler, invented in 1840 by Nicola Barillà
Bergamotes de Nancy
Comparison of bergamot oil obtained from the same raw plant material either by cold pressing or by hydrodistillation ( Peratoner ) using GC-MS analysis with enantiomeric column
Patch test
essential oilbergamot orangeflavouringtop noteBergamotsfumaturaemulsionaromatherapyFood Chemicals Codexgenerally recognized as safeFood and Drug AdministrationEarl Grey teablack teaEau de CologneJohann Maria FarinaCologneterpenesestersalcoholsaldehydesheterocyclic compoundscoumarinsfuranocoumarinslimonenelinalyl acetatelinaloolterpineneβ-pinenegeranialbisabolenecitropten5-Geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarinbergaptenbergamottinConcentrationadulterationbitter orangebergamot mintchlorophyllCarbon-14Gas chromatographyenantiomersisotope ratio mass spectrometryExperimental Station for the Industry of the Essential oils and Citrus productsReggio CalabriaRefractive indexOptical rotationRelative densityspectrophotometriccareneTerpinen-4-olphototoxicultraviolettanning bedphytophotodermatitiserythemaPatch testfuranocoumarinpsoralenInternational Fragrance Associationgrapefruit–drug interactionsparesthesiasfasciculationsJournal of Agricultural and Food ChemistryGazzetta del SudToxicology in VitroCRC PressFlavour and Fragrance JournalEuropean Medicines Agency