Backstroke
The hand enters downward (pinkie finger first) then pulling out at a 45-degree angle, catching the water.The palm is always facing away from the swimming direction, while remaining straight as an extension of the arm, and the elbow always points downward towards the bottom of the pool.The Mid-Pull phase consists of pushing the palm of the hand as far down as possible with the fingers pointing upward.At the very end of the Mid-Pull, the palm flaps down for a last push forward down to a depth of 45 cm, creating the finish of the power phase.Another variant is the old style of swimming backstroke, where the arm movement formed a complete circle in a windmill type pattern.However, this style is not commonly used for competitive swimming, as a lot of energy is spent on pushing the body up and down instead of forward.The kick makes a large contribution to the forward speed, while significantly stabilizing the body.From this position, the leg makes a fast kick upward, slightly bending the knee at the beginning and then stretching it again in the horizontal.Due to the asynchronous movement of the arms, the body tends to roll around its long axis.By taking advantage of this rolling motion, swimmers can increase their effectiveness while swimming backstroke.On September 21, 2005, FINA modified the backstroke start rule regarding toes below the water line.Therefore, most experienced swimmers in backstroke competitions stay under water up to the limit set by FINA (15 meters after the start and after every turn).The swimmer continues in regular swimming style, staying on the back for the entire time except the turns.Next, the swimmer makes half a tumble turn forward, resting the feet against the wall.For the finish, the swimmer must touch the wall while lying on their back, less than 90 degrees out of the horizontal, and must not be completely submerged.
BackslashGordan Kožulj2008 Eurosswimmingfront crawlHarry HebnerOlympic1900 Paris Olympics men's 200 meterturbulencebreast strokeshoulderNatalie CoughlinmedleyWalter BrackArno BiebersteinWarren KealohaGeorge KojacMasaji KiyokawaAdolph KieferAllen StackYoshi OyakawaDavid TheileRoland MatthesJohn NaberBengt BaronRick CareyDaichi SuzukiMark TewksburyJeff RouseLenny KrayzelburgAaron PeirsolMatt GreversRyan MurphyEvgeny RylovThomas CecconErnst HoppenbergJed GraefSándor WladárIgor PolyanskiyMartin López-ZuberoBrad BridgewaterRyan LochteTyler ClaryHubert KósRandall BalThomas RupprathAristeidis GrigoriadisGerhard ZandbergLiam TancockCamille LacourtZane WaddellJustin RessHunter ArmstrongIsaac CooperBob JacksonDirk RichterIgor PolyanskyMartín López-ZuberoMatt WelshJunya KogaJérémy StraviusMitch LarkinXu JiayuZoltán VerrasztóJesse VassalloVladimir SelkovHugo GonzálezSybil BauerMarie BraunEleanor HolmNida SenffKaren HarupJoan HarrisonJudy GrinhamLynn BurkeCathy FergusonKaye HallMelissa BeloteUlrike RichterRica ReinischTheresa AndrewsKristin OttoKrisztina EgerszegiBeth BotsfordDiana MocanuMissy FranklinKatinka HosszúKaylee McKeownLillian WatsonJolanda de RoverKirsty CoventryMaya DiRadoHaley CopeNina ZhivanevskayaGiaan RooneyLeila VaziriZhao JingAnastasia FesikovaFu YuanhuiEtiene MedeirosOlivia SmoligaKylie MasseClaire CurzanLinda JezekBetsy MitchellHe CihongLea MaurerAntje BuschschulteGemma SpofforthEmily SeebohmRegan SmithBirgit TreiberCornelia SirchRoxana MaracineanuKaty SextonMargaret HoelzerList of world records in swimmingVictory backstrokeWayback MachineStylesBreaststrokeButterflyFreestyleColchianGeorgianDog paddle