Authors Guild
The Authors Guild is America's oldest and largest professional organization for writers and provides advocacy on issues of free expression and copyright protection.[citation needed] Past council presidents of the Authors Guild have included the novelists Pearl S. Buck,[6] Rex Stout,[7] Scott Turow,[8] Douglas Preston[9] and Madeleine L'Engle,[10] the biographers Anne Edwards[11] and Robert Caro,[12] the journalists Herbert Mitgang[13] and J. Anthony Lukas,[14] the children's book author Mary Pope Osborne,[15] and the historians William Shirer[16] and Robert Massie.[20] The publishers had argued that the databases constituted a fair "revision" of the original print articles, but the United States Supreme Court ruled in June 2001 that the writers must be compensated for their digital rights.On September 20, 2005, the Authors Guild, together with Herbert Mitgang, Betty Miles and Daniel Hoffman, filed a class action lawsuit against Google for its Book Search project.[24] In October 2015, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit sided with Google citing fair use and that the scanned and posted excerpts works do not harm the authors by having parts of the books online.