[3][4] Political leadership or governance in Māori society has traditionally come from two overlapping groups of people – the ariki and the rangatira.[6] In particular, their "supreme rank [comes] from the conjunction of a number of senior descent lines from founding ancestors, and ultimately from the gods".A modern example of a woman in this leadership role is Te Atairangikaahu (r. 1966–2006) the paramount head or Māori Queen of the Waikato federation of tribes.[11] Many positions overlap, with ariki holding multiple roles, including "head of an iwi, the rangatira of a hapū and the kaumātua of a whānau".Scholars Ron Crocombe and Jon Tikivanotau Jonassen have argued that it was created to marginalize the ariki, giving them dignity but very limited power.
Arikis at the opening of the 39th Annual General Meeting of the
House of Ariki
(Cook Islands Herald)